Table III .
Impact of major bleeding and thrombosis on mortality following initiation of VV ECMO.
| Complication | n = (152) | Alive (n = 107) | Dead (n = 45) | Crude time‐adjusted HR (95% CI) | Time‐adjusted HR* (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major bleeding | 47 (30·9%) | 23 (48·9%) | 24 (51·1%) | 3·01 (1·63–5·51) | 3·87 (2·10–7·23) |
| ICH | 16 (34%) | 6 (37·5%) | 10 (62·5%) | 3·30 (1·36–7·76) | 5·97 (2·36–15·04) |
| GI | 5 (11%) | 2 (40%) | 3 (60%) | ||
| Other | 3 (6%) | 2 (66%) | 1 (33%) | ||
| Pulmonary haemorrhage | 12 (26%) | 5 (41·7%) | 7 (58·3%) | ||
| >1 Bleeding site | 11 (23%) | 8 (72·7%) | 3 (27·3%) | ||
| Venous thrombosis | 68 (44·7%) | 48 (70·6%) | 20 (29·4%) | 1·14 (0·61–2·14) | 1·63 (0·94–3·04) |
| PE | 45 (66·2%) | 28 (26·2%) | 17 (37·8%) | 2·12 (1·19–3·76) | 2·00 (1·09–3·56) |
| DVT | 13 (19·1%) | 11 (84·6%) | 2 (15·4%) | ||
| PE and DVT | 10 (14·7%) | 9 (90%) | 1 (10%) | ||
| Arterial thrombosis | 13 (8·6%) | 6 (46·2%) | 7 (53·8%) | 1·74 (1·24–6·14) | 1·70 (0·71–3·92) |
| ECMO circuit thrombosis | 15 (9·9%) | 12 (80·0%) | 3 (20·0%) | 0·92 (0·26–3·04) | 0·79 (0·34–2·78) |
CI, confidence interval; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; GI, gastrointestinal; HR, hazard ratio; ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; PE, pulmonary embolism; VV ECMO, veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Numbers in bold type indicate complications that are associated with increased risk of mortality.
*
Adjusted for patient age and duration of mechanical ventilation. All HRs are shown relative to not having the condition of interest (HR 1·00).