. 2021 Aug 26;92(5):e781–e797. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13659

TABLE 4.

The effect of school closures on trends in parent and child emotional and behavioral distress

	Parent worry/depression	Parent anger/irritability	Parent lost temper	Parent punished child	Child sadness/worry	Child uncooperative behavior
	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)
Days	−0.001 (0.0004)^***	−0.0002 (0.0003)	0.0003 (0.0002) ⁺	0.0001 (0.0002)	−0.0002 (0.0003)	−0.002 (0.0004)^***
Date is after schools closed	0.246 (0.018)^***	0.051 (0.016)^**	0.003 (0.008)	0.007 (0.008)	0.070 (0.017)^***	0.064 (0.020)^**
Days × date is after schools closed	−0.001 (0.0005)^*	0.0002 (0.0004)	−0.0002 (0.0002)	−0.0002 (0.0002)	0.0001 (0.0004)	0.002 (0.0005)^***
Constant	1.489 (0.086)^***	1.341 (0.071)^***	0.092 (0.027)^***	0.061 (0.020)^**	1.086 (0.063)^***	1.254 (0.096)^***
Number of observations	12,209	12,201	12,116	12,149	12,123	12,107
Number of individuals	242	241	240	240	238	238

School fixed effects, parent characteristics, and an indicator for weekend were included in each model but are not displayed in the table.

⁺

p < .10.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.