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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: AJOB Empir Bioeth. 2019 Jun 10;10(3):190–200. doi: 10.1080/23294515.2019.1618417

Table 3.

Communication with research nurse and perception of being informed

Informed/fully informed
Mean (SD)
Not at all to unsure
Mean (SD)
t statistics, p value Cohen’s d (effect size)
Communication Total Score
How well informed when enrolled in treatment clinical trials 4.45(0.60)
n=95
4.20 (0.63)
n=11
−1.34
p=0.183
0.42
How well informed at this point of participation 4.47(0.58)
N=96
4.05 (0.74)
n=10
2.11
p=0.038
0.62
How well informed about changes in study 4.48 (0.61)
n=82
4.28 (0.51)
n=22
−1.44,
p=0.154
0.36
Communication Information exchange
How well informed when enrolled in treatment clinical trials 4.41 (0.60)
n=94
4.07 (0.63)
n=11
−1.77,
p=0.079
0.55
How well informed at this point of participation 4.42 (0.60)
n=94
3.96 (0.71)
n=11
2.34,
p=0.021
0.70
How well informed about changes in study 4.44 (0.61)
n=81
4.22 (0.52)
n=22
−1.53,
p=0.128
0.39
Relational Communication
How well informed when enrolled in treatment clinical trials 4.52 (0.66)
n=93
4.39 (0.80)
n=11
−0.57,
p=0.568
0.18
How well informed at this point of participation 4.54 (0.64)
n=94
4.20 (0.92)
n=10
−1.13,
p=0.284
0.43
How well informed about changes in study 4.55 (0.67)
n=80
4.38 (0.66)
n=22
−1.10,
p=0.276
0.26

Note: Cohen’s d effect size: small=0.2, moderate=0.5, large=0.8