Fig. 3.

Antemortem MRI scans for brain donors with autopsy-confirmed CTE compared to participants with normal cognition. Three neuroradiologists used established visual rating scales to rate patterns of frontal, anterior temporal, parietal-occipital lobe atrophy on axial T1 sequences, as well as medial temporal lobe atrophy on coronal sequences in brain donors with CTE and participants with normal cognition. The regions were rated on a 5-point scale with 0 = none and 4 = severe. A Axial T1 of a male former professional American football player in his early 60’s with CTE stage IV that was rated to have mild orbital-frontal and anterior temporal lobe atrophy (not shown), moderate dorsolateral and superior frontal lobe atrophy, severe parietal-occipital lobe atrophy, and presence of an anterior and posterior cavum septum pellucidum. B Axial T1 of a participant with normal cognition in his late 60’s rated to have no orbital-frontal, dorsolateral frontal, or anterior temporal lobe (not shown) cortical atrophy; minimal superior frontal atrophy; mild parietal-occipital lobe atrophy; and absence of a cavum septum pellucidum. C and D are coronal sequences that show moderate hippocampal atrophy in a former professional American football player in his early 80’s with CTE stage IV (C) compared to no hippocampal atrophy in a participant with normal cognition in his early to mid-70s (D)