Table 4.
Baseline characteristics, serological markers and US findings of patients with and without RA development: univariate analysis
| Total n = 110 |
RA n = 14 (12.7%) |
Non-RA n = 96 (87.3%) |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 53.6 ± 15.6 | 60.4 ± 12.5 | 52.6 ± 14.6 | 0.061 | |
| Sex | Female | 80 (72.7%) | 10 (71.4%) | 70 (72.9%) | 0.566 |
| Smoking, n = 87 | Non-smoker | 45 (51.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 40 (53.3%) | 0.565 |
| Smoker | 34 (39.1%) | 5 (41.7%) | 29 (38.7%) | ||
| Former smoker | 8 (9.2%) | 2 (16.7%) | 6 (8%) | ||
| Extension | Monoarticular | 12 (10.9%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (12.5%) | 0.372 |
| Oligoarticular | 22 (20%) | 3 (21.4%) | 19 (19.8%) | ||
| Polyarticular | 76 (69.1%) | 11 (78.6%) | 65 (67.7%) | ||
| Time (months) from symptom onset | 11.7 ± 9.9 | 9.5 ± 7.6 | 12 ± 10.2 | 0.284 | |
| ESR (mm/h) | 24.7 ± 18.2 | 35.1 ± 28.4 | 23.1 ± 15.8 | 0.02 | |
| ESR > 15 mm/h | 69 (62.7%) | 9 (64.3%) | 60 (62.5%) | 0.897 | |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 3.1 | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 0.9 ± 3.2 | 0.329 | |
| CRP > 0.5 mg/dL | 50 (45.5%) | 10 (71.4%) | 40 (41.7%) | 0.037 | |
| ANA | 15 (13.6%) | 1 (7.1%) | 14 (14.6%) | 0.352 | |
| RF (IU/mL) | 39.1 ± 230.5 | 34 ± 60.7 | 39.9 ± 246.7 | 0.647 | |
| ACPA (IU/mL) | 98.1 ± 331.2 | 462 ± 693.4 | 30.2 ± 127.6 | <0.001 | |
| PD US findings | 38 (34.5%) | 14 (100%) | 24 (25%) | <0.001 | |
| PD synovitis | 31 (28.2%) | 12 (85.7%) | 19 (19.8%) | <0.001 | |
| PD tenosynovitis | 20 (18.2%) | 11 (78.6%) | 10 (10.4%) | <0.001 | |
| GS US findings | 47 (42.7%) | 14 (100%) | 34 (35.4%) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: US ultrasound, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, RF rheumatoid factor, ACPA anti-citrullinated peptide antibody