Table 3.
The correlates of APP among patients with schizophrenia in Africa
| Author and year | Correlates of APP |
|---|---|
| Amir et al., 2012 | Increased number of relapse and hospitalization |
| Siranesh et al., 2016 | Patients on antipsychotic treatment for >10 y (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.29–3.89) Patients who had 2 or more previous hospital admissions (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI =1.68–5.94) Patients using psychoactive substance after initiating psychotic treatment (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.06–2.71) Patients with extrapyramidal side effects (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.38–5.53) Patients non-adherent to their treatment (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.22–3.15) |
| Olotu et al., 2017 | Higher prescribing daily dose of antipsychotic in chlorpromazine equivalent (P < .001), increased frequency of dosing (P < .001), reduced functioning (P = .04), higher side effect burden (P = .04) |
| Anozie, et al., 2020 | Male gender (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.12–2.72; P = .01) Patients unmarried (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.00–3.27; P = .04) Patients with longer duration of illness (t = 2.3, P = .04) Patients with concurrent anticholinergic use (OR = 40.24; 95% CI = 20.66–78.36; P = .001) Patients with alcohol use (OR = 3.31; 95% CI = 1.21–2.72; P = 9.05) Patients with antidepressant use (OR = 4.02; 95% CI = 1.10–14.69; P = .02) Twice-daily dose interval of antipsychotics (OR = 3.90; 95% CI = 1.92–7.91; P = .001) Current episode of schizophrenia (OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 2.43–6.1; P = .001) |
| Armstrong and Temmingh, 2017 | Age ranges from 30–60 y (AOR = 2.81;95% CI = 1.61–4.89; P < .001), male gender (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.07–3.23; P = .027), diagnosis of schizophrenia (AOR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.39–5.57; P = .004), comorbid intellectual disability (AOR = 3.52; 95% CI = 1.27–9.73; P = .015), comorbid substance use (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.03–3.14; P = .039), >6 hospital admissions (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.07–6.51; P = .04), high dose prescribing (AOR = 8.99; 95% CI = 4.97–16.29; P < .001), combined anticholinergic prescription (χ2 = 16.30, P < .001), and sodium valproate use (χ2 = 8.18, P = .004) |
APP, antipsychotic polypharmacy; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.