TABLE 1.
Examples of sacrificial materials.
| Sacrificial material | Removal procedure | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alginate | Wash with citrate solution | Sacrificial ink | (Visser et al., 2013; Jeon et al., 2019a; Noor et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019) |
| Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Wash with water | Sacrificial matrix | (Visser et al., 2013; Luo et al., 2019) |
| Gelatin | Melting gelatin (37°C) | Sacrificial matrix | (Hinton et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2019; Compaan et al., 2020; Heo et al., 2020) |
| Sacrificial ink | (Skylar-Scott et al., 2019) | ||
| Agarose | Mechanical removal, Wash with water | Sacrificial matrix | (Moxon et al., 2017; Mirdamadi et al., 2019) |
| Pluronic polymers | Wash with water, Gel to fluid transition (4°C) | Sacrificial ink | (Wu, DeConinck, and Lewis 2011; Kolesky et al., 2014, 2016; Ji, Almeida, and Guvendiren 2019) |
| Sacrificial matrix | (Xu et al., 2018; Chiesa et al., 2020) | ||
| Carbopol | Wash with saline solution | Sacrificial matrix | (Bhattacharjee et al., 2015; Hinton et al., 2016; Krishnamoorthy, Zhang, and Xu 2019; Ning et al., 2020) |