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. 2021 Nov 5;79(1):241–250. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17782

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© 2021 The Authors.

Hypertension is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure. — Heat maps depicting the risk of primary end point and hospitalization for heart failure in relation to mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure in the placebo and spironolactone groups.

Numbers in the (A) and (D) grids represent the percentage of participants within each blood pressure cross classification category; numbers in (B) and (E) represent the risk for primary end point; numbers in (C) and (F) indicates the risk for hospitalization for heart failure. Heat maps were derived by Cox proportional hazards regression with mean arterial pressure plotted along vertical axis and pulse pressure along the horizontal axis with adjustment applied for age. In patients (n=29) with very low values of MAP (≤80 mm Hg) together with high values of pulse pressure (≥70 mm Hg), systolic and diastolic blood pressure averaged (±SD) 125.1±6.9 mm Hg and 48.9±4.7 mm Hg.