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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Water Resour Assoc. 2018 Mar 1;54:346–371. doi: 10.1111/1752-1688.12633

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2.

Types of hydrologic connections between NFWs and streams or rivers. (a) A wetland connected to a river by surface flow through a headwater stream channel. (b) A wetland connected to a river by surface flow through a nonchannelized swale. (c) A NFW connected to a river by groundwater flow (flowpath can be local, intermediate, or regional). (d) A NFW that is hydrologically isolated from a river. Note that in a–c, flows connecting the wetland and river may be perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral. Source: Figure reproduced from USEPA (2015).