Table 1.
The rate of ‘PD as best response’ and the median overall survival of cancer patients treated with ICIs in clinical trials
| Cancer type | Trial Name | Group number | Treatment | Line of Therapy | Median OS (95% CI), mo | ORR (%) | PD as best response (%) | Reference |
| NSCLC | Keynote 001 | 101 | Pembrolizumab(treatment-naïve) | 1 | 22.3 (17.1–32.3) | 41.6 | 9.9 | [2,3] |
| Keynote 001 | 449 | Pembrolizumab(previously treated) | 2+ | 10.5 (8.6–13.2) | 22.9 | 27.6 | [2,3] | |
| Keynote 042 | 637 | Pembrolizumab | 1 | 16.7 (13.9–19.7) | 27 | 21 | [4] | |
| OAK | 425 | Atezolizumab | 2+ | 13 8 (11 8–15 7) | 14 | 44 | [5,6] | |
| CheckMate 057 (nonsquamous) | 292 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 12.2 (9.7–15.0) | 19 | 44 | [7] | |
| CheckMate 017 (squamous) | 135 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 9.2 (7.3–13.3) | 20 | 41 | [8] | |
| CheckMate 026 | 211 | Nivolumab | 1 | 14.4 (11.7–17.4) | 26 | 27 | [9] | |
| Javelin 200 Lung | 264 | Avelumab | 2+ | 11 4 (9 4–13 9) | 19 | 35 | [10] | |
| Melanoma | Keynote 002 | 180 | Pembrolizumab(2mg/kg) | 2+ | 13.4 (11.0–16.4) | 21 | 47 | [11,12] |
| Keynote 002 | 181 | Pembrolizumab(10mg/kg) | 2+ | 14.7 (11.3–19.5) | 26 | 48 | [11,12] | |
| Keynote 006 | 277 | Pembrolizumab(10mg/kg Q3W) | 1+ | 32.7 (24 5–41.6) | 36 | 42 | [13,14] | |
| Keynote 006 | 279 | Pembrolizumab(10mg/kg Q2W) | 1+ | 32.7 (24 5–41.6) | 37 | 38 | [13,14] | |
| CheckMate 037 | 272 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 16.4 (12.9–20.3) | 31.7 | 35 | [15,16] | |
| CheckMate 066 | 210 | Nivolumab | 1 | 37.5 (25.5-NR) | 42.9 | 33.3 | [17,18] | |
| CheckMate 067 | 316 | Nivolumab | 1 | 36.9 (28.2–58.7) | 45 | 38 | [19–21] | |
| UC | Keynote 052 | 370 | Pembrolizumab | 1 | 11.3 (9.7–13.1) | 28.6 | 42.4 | [22,23] |
| Keynote 045 | 270 | Pembrolizumab | 2+ | 10.3 (8.0–11.8) | 21.1 | 48.5 | [24] | |
| IMvigor210 | 119 | Atezolizumab | 1 | 15.9 (10.4-NE) | 23 | 36.1 | [25] | |
| IMvigor210 Cohort2 | 310 | Atezolizumab | 2+ | 7.9 (6.6–9.3) | 15 | 51 | [26] | |
| IMvigor211 | 467 | Atezolizumab | 2+ | 8.6 (7.8–9.6) | 13 4 | 52 | [27] | |
| CheckMate 275 | 265 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 8.74 (6.05-NR) | 19.6 | 39 | [28] | |
| Study 1108 | 191 | Durvalumab | 2+ | 18.2 (8.1-NE) | 17.8 | 63.4 | [29] | |
| JAVELIN Solid Tumor | 161 | Avelumab | 2+ | 6.5 (4.8–9.5) | 17 | 42 | [30] | |
| HNSCC | Keynote 012 | 45 | Pembrolizumab | 2+ | 13 (5-NR) | 18 | 56 | [31] |
| CheckMate 141 | 240 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 7 0.5 (5.5–9.1) | 13.3 | 41.3 | [32,33] | |
| CONDOR | 65 | Durvalumab | 2+ | 6.0 (4.0–1.3) | 9.2 | 64.6 | [34] | |
| HAWK | 111 | Durvalumab | 2+ | 7.1 (4.9–9.9) | 16.2 | 52.3 | [35] | |
| NCT01375842 | 32 | Atezolizumab | 1+ | 6.0 (0.5–51.6) | 22 | 40.6 | [36] | |
| dMMR | Keynote 158 | 233 | Pembrolizumab | 2+ | 23.5 (13.5-NR) | 34.3 | 39.5 | [37] |
| TNBC | Keynote 012 | 27 | Pembrolizumab | 1+ | 11.2 (5.3-NR) | 18.5 | 48.1 | [38] |
| Keynote 086 cohort A | 170 | Pembrolizumab | 2+ | 9.0 (7.7–11.2) | 5.3 | 60.6 | [39] | |
| Keynote 086 cohort B | 84 | Pembrolizumab | 1 | 18 (12.9–23.0) | 21.4 | 58.3 | [40] | |
| JAVELIN Solid Tumor | 58 | Avelumab | 1+ | 9.2 (4.3-NE) | 5.2 | 65.5 | [41] | |
| ESCC | ATTRACTION-3 | 171 | Nivolumab | 2 | 10 9 (9 2–13 3) | 19 | 55 | [42] |
| ONO-4538-07 | 64 | Nivolumab | 3+ | 10.8 (7.4–13.3) | 17 | 45 | [43] | |
| ESCC/EAC/GEJC | Keynote 181 | 314 | Pembrolizumab | 2 | 7.1 (6.2–8.1) | 13.1 | 50.3 | [44] |
| Keynote 180 | 121 | Pembrolizumab | 3+ | 5.8 (4.5–7.2) | 9.9 | 58.7 | [45] | |
| GC/GEJC | JAVELIN Gastric 300 | 185 | Avelumab | 3 | 4.6 (3.6–5.7) | 2.2 | 50.8 | [46] |
| Keynote 059 cohort 3 | 31 | Pembrolizumab | 1 | 20.7 (9.2–20.7) | 25.8 | 38.7 | [47] | |
| ATTRACTION-2 | 330 | Nivolumab | 3+ | 5 26 (4 60–6 37) | 11.2 | 46 | [48] | |
| Keynote 059 cohort 1 | 259 | Pembrolizumab | 3 | 5.6 (4.3–6.9) | 11.6 | 56 | [49] | |
| GC/ESCA/GEJC | CheckMate 032 | 59 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 6.2 (3.4–12.4) | 7 | 44 | [50] |
| HCC | Keynote 224 | 104 | Pembrolizumab | 2 | 12 9 (9 7–15 5) | 17 | 33 | [51] |
| Keynote 240 | 278 | Pembrolizumab | 2 | 13.9 (11.6–16.0) | 18.3 | 32.4 | [52] | |
| CRC (dMMR/MSI-H) | Keynote 177 | 153 | Pembrolizumab | 1 | NR | 43.8 | 29.4 | [53] |
| Keynote 164 cohort A | 61 | Pembrolizumab | 3+ | 31.4 (21.4-NR) | 33 | 46 | [54] | |
| Keynote 164 cohort B | 63 | Pembrolizumab | 2+ | NR (19.2-NR) | 33 | 40 | [54] | |
| CheckMate 142 | 74 | Nivolumab | 2+ | NR | 32 | 28 | [55] | |
| RCC | CheckMate 025 | 410 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 25.8 (22.2–29.8) | 22.9 | 34.6 | [56,57] |
| SCLC | Keynote 028 | 24 | Pembrolizumab | 2+ | 9.7 (4.1-NR) | 33.3 | 54.2 | [58] |
| CheckMate 032 | 98 | Nivolumab | 2+ | 4.4 (3.0–9.3) | 10 | 53 | [59] | |
| CheckMate 032 | 109 | Nivolumab | 3+ | 5.6 (3.1–6.8) | 11.9 | 51.4 | [60] | |
| IFCT-1603 | 43 | Atezolizumab | 2+ | 9.5 (3.2–14.4) | 2.3 | 69.8 | [61] | |
| cHL | CheckMate 039 | 23 | Nivolumab | 3+ | NR | 87 | 0 | [62] |
| CheckMate 205 | 243 | Nivolumab | 2+ | NR | 69 | 9 | [63] | |
| Keynote 013 | 31 | Pembrolizumab | 3+ | NR | 65 | 13 | [64] | |
| Keynote 087 | 210 | Pembrolizumab | 4+ | NR | 69 | 14.3 | [65] |
ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; OS, overall survival; ORR, objective response rate; PD, progressive disease; NSCLC, nonsmal cell lung cancer; UC, urothelial carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamoucel carcinom; dMMR, deficient mismatch repair tumors; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EAC, esophageal adenocarcinoma; GEJC, gastroesophageal junction cancer; GC, gastric cancer; ESCA, esophageal carcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CRC, colorectal cancer; dMMR, deficient mismatch repair; MSI-H, microsatellite instability-high; RCC, renal cell carcinoma, SCLC, smal cell lung cancer; cHL, classical Hodgkin lymphoma; NR, not rearch; NE, not estimable.