Table 2.

Growth parameter estimates for self-regulation: Within- and between-group effects

Within-group effects
	CAUG intercept [95% CI]	FCG intercept [95% CI]	NIG intercept [95% CI]
Slope (8 to 16 yrs)	0.07 [−0.07, 0.21], p=.179	0.13 [−0.01, 0.26], p=.036*	−0.02 [−0.18, 0.15], p=.388
Intercept (age 8)	−0.32 [−0.54, −0.10] p=.003**	−0.13 [−0.33, 0.07], p=.105	0.23 [0.06, 0.41], p=.004**
Intercept (age 12)	−0.25 [−0.45, −0.06], p=.005**	−0.001 [−0.18, 0.18], p=.498	0.21 [0.04, 0.39], p=.008**
Intercept (age 16)	−0.18 [−0.45, 0.09], p=.093	0.12 [−0.14, 0.37], p=.179	0.22 [−0.06, 0.49], p=.056
Between-group differences
	FCG > CAUG [95% CI]	NIG > CAUG [95% CI]	NIG > FCG [95% CI]
Slope (8 to 16 yrs)	0.06 [−0.12, 0.24], p=.276	−0.10 [−0.32, 0.16], p=.224	−0.15 [−0.37, 0.09], p=.102
Intercept (age 8)	0.195 [−0.08, 0.48], p=.086	0.55 [0.24, 0.86], p<.001***	0.35 [0.07, 0.64], p=.007**
Intercept (age 12)	0.25 [0.01, 0.50], p=.020*	0.46 [0.18, 0.76], p=.001**	0.21 [−0.05, 0.49], p=.058
Intercept (age 16)	0.30 [−0.04, 0.65], p=.039*	0.40 [−0.02, 0.82], p=.033*	0.10 [−0.30, 0.49], p=.310

Effects are based on one-tailed directional tests and control for sex and IQ (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV, Full Scale IQ). Coefficients reflect unstandardized estimates at the mean of sex and IQ.

^***p < .001,

^**p < .01,

^*p < .05.