Table 1.
Existing meta-analytical evidence on the prevalence rates of key mental health symptoms in several regions
| Region/country | # of studies | # of countries | # of participant | All adult pop. inclusive |
General population |
General HCWs |
Frontline HCWs |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANX | DEP | INS | DIS | ANX | DEP | INS | DIS | ANX | DEP | INS | DIS | ANX | DEP | INS | DIS | ||||
| Africa (Chen et al., In Press) | 28 | 12/54 | 15,072 | 37% | 45% | 28% | 37% | 42% | 27% | 35% | 43% | 28% | 51% | 55% | 30% | ||||
| -Egypt (El-Qushayri et al., 2021)* | 10 | 1/1 | 3,137 | 72% | 66% | 58% | 67% | ||||||||||||
| Asia (Norhayati MY & Azman, 2021) | 80 | 18/48 | 149,925 | 35% | 35% | 41% | 32% | 24% | 33% | 49% | 41% | ||||||||
| -South Asia(Hossain et al., 2021)** | 35 | 5/8 | 41,402 | 41% | 34% | 41% | 39% | 44% | 30% | ||||||||||
| -Southeast Asia (Pappa et al., in press) | 32 | 6/11 | 20,352 | 22% | 16% | 19% | 31% | 16% | 18% | 15% | 32% | 14% | |||||||
| –China (Chen et al., 2021)*** | 131 | 1/1 | 630,244 | 11% | 13% | 19% | 20% | 15% | 16% | 20% | 25% | 14% | 15% | 18% | 29% | 19% | 20% | 24% | 29% |
| -India (Singh et al., 2021) | 22 | 1/1 | 9,947 | 34% | 33% | 27% | 43% | ||||||||||||
| Eastern Europe (Zhang et al., 2021) | 21 | 10/21 | 21,918 | 30% | 27% | 22% | 20% | 33% | 34% | 46% | 34% | ||||||||
| Latin America (Zhang et al., 2021) | 33 | 10/33 | 101,772 | 32% | 32% | 35% | 32% | 33% | 33% | 33% | 30% | 31% | 30% | 30% | 23% | 37% | |||
| Spain (Chen et al., 2021) | 28 | 1/1 | 86,336 | 20% | 22% | 17% | 20% | 46% | 33% | ||||||||||
ANX = Anxiety, DEP = Depression, INS = Insomnia, DIS = Distress.
# of countries refer to the number of countries that a meta-analysis covered out of the total number of countries in the region.
*Meta-analysis in Egypt studies reported the prevalence rates at the mild above level. Their prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and distress at the moderate above are 61.9%, 53.0% and 52.3%, respectively.
**The HCWs in the South Asia studies and Egypt studies aggregated both general HCWs and frontline HCWs.
***The meta-analysis in China reported the prevalence rates at the moderate symptom for the three subgroup populations; Meta-analyses in other regions reported the prevalence rates of the overall symptom.