Table 2.
Associations of SPACE-MS metrics with demographic, clinical and MRI variables#
| SPACE-MS§ |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCI | Maximum lesion NCI | MCI | CAI | CPI | CSI | |
| Demographic variables | ||||||
| Age in years | −0.0909 p = 0.0339 |
−0.0414 p = 0.3351 |
0.0931 p = 0.0299 |
0.1778 p < 0.0001 |
0.1938 p < 0.0001 |
−0.2476 p < 0.0001 |
| Sex (male)* | 0.0485 p = 0.2575 |
−0.0033 p = 0.9378 |
0.2268 p < 0.0001 |
−0.0394 p = 0.3577 |
0.0090 p = 0.8343 |
0.0473 p = 0.2702 |
| Clinical variables | ||||||
| Disease duration in years | −0.1086 p = 0.4129 |
−0.0539 p = 0.6854 |
−0.0092 p = 0.9448 |
0.0140 p = 0.9165 |
0.2489 p = 0.0574 |
−0.1265 p = 0.3399 |
| EDSS score* | −0.0266 p = 0.5372 |
0.1215 p = 0.0046 |
0.0729 p = 0.0902 |
−0.0690 p = 0.1088 |
−0.0058 p = 0.8921 |
0.0719 p = 0.0947 |
| Inverse of TWT in 1/s | 0.1002 p = 0.0294 |
−0.1559 p = 0.0007 |
0.0643 p = 0.1634 |
0.1365 p = 0.0030 |
−0.0170 p = 0.7128 |
−0.1161 p = 0.0116 |
| Inverse of 9HPT in 1/s | −0.0048 0.9165 |
−0.1721 p = 0.0002 |
−0.1323 p = 0.0037 |
0.2330 p < 0.0001 |
−0.0137 p = 0.7645 |
−0.1922 p < 0.0001 |
| PASAT raw score | 0.1860 p < 0.0001 |
−0.0766 0.0949 |
0.0566 p = 0.2180 |
0.1724 p = 0.0002 |
−0.1151 p = 0.0119 |
−0.0886 0.0534 |
| SDMT raw score | 0.1167 p = 0.0180 |
−0.2399 p < 0.0001 |
−0.0013 p = 0.9786 |
0.2626 p < 0.0001 |
−0.0841 p = 0.0890 |
−0.1951 p = 0.0001 |
| MRI variables+ | ||||||
| T2 lesion load | −0.2685 p < 0.0001 |
0.1846 p < 0.0001 |
0.0824 p = 0.0657 |
−0.2831 p < 0.0001 |
0.3141 p < 0.0001 |
0.0782 p = 0.0806 |
| NAWM volume | 0.1401 p = 0.0017 |
−0.1034 p = 0.0207 |
0.2047 p < 0.0001 |
0.1636 p = 0.0002 |
−0.1683 p = 0.0002 |
−0.0519 p = 0.2470 |
| GM volume | 0.1164 p = 0.0092 |
−0.0401 p = 0.3714 |
0.1423 p = 0.0014 |
0.0996 p = 0.0259 |
−0.2499 p < 0.0001 |
0.0514 p = 0.2509 |
| CGM volume | 0.1156 p = 0.0097 |
−0.0306 = 0.4951 |
0.1408 p = 0.0016 |
0.0906 p = 0.0429 |
−0.2437 p < 0.0001 |
0.0561 p = 0.2106 |
| DGM volume | 0.0937 p = 0.0363 |
−0.1426 p = 0.0014 |
0.1205 p = 0.0070 |
0.1796 p < 0.0001 |
−0.2541 p < 0.0001 |
−0.0187 p = 0.6774 |
| SPACE-MS metrics+ | ||||||
| NCI | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Maximum lesion NCI | 0.1772 p = 0.0001 |
1 | – | – | – | – |
| MCI | 0.1648 p = 0.0002 |
0.1169 p = 0.0089 |
1 | – | – | – |
| CAI | 0.0641 p = 0.1526 |
−0.3348 p < 0.0001 |
0.1411 p = 0.0016 |
1 | – | – |
| CPI | −0.2007 p < 0.0001 |
−0.1162 p = 0.0093 |
−0.2270 p < 0.0001 |
−0.1416 p = 0.0015 |
1 | – |
| CSI | 0.0634 p = 0.1571 |
0.3933 p < 0.0001 |
0.0025 p = 0.9563 |
−0.8186 p < 0.0001 |
−0.4368 p < 0.0001 |
1 |
#: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, unless otherwise specified; *: Spearman’s correlation coefficient; + for the correlations between SPACE-MS and other MRI variables, partial correlation coefficients adjusting for scanning centre are presented (instead of unadjusted Pearson’s correlation coefficients); §: only the strongest associations (p < 0.01) are highlighted. Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): 9HPT: nine-hole peg test; CAI: covariance anisotropy index; CI: Confidence Interval; CPI: covariance planarity index; CSI: covariance sphericity index; EDSS: expanded disability status scale; GM: grey matter; Max: maximum; MCI: mean covariance index; NAWM: normal-appearing white matter; NCI: neuraxis caudality index; PASAT: paced auditory serial addition test (measured in number of correct answers); RC: regression coefficient; SD: standard deviation; SDMT: symbol digit modalities test (measured in number of correct answers); SPACE-MS: spatial patterns (of MS lesions) assessed through covariance estimations of lesional voxels; TWT: 25-foot timed walk test.