Table 3.

Summary of published studies examining the use of other non-^99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for radioguided surgery

Author	Ref	No of cases	Tumour type	Tumour location	R’pharm	Peptide mass (ug)	Activity (MBq)	Delay	Results	Comments
El Lakis et al	27	19	Pancreatic	Pancreas	68Ga	N/S	185	None	Identified 133 lesions, 100 proven at histology 5 of 39 lymph nodes only detected with probe TBR of 2.5: sensitivity 90%, specificity 25% TBR of 16: sensitivity 54%, specificity 81% ROC AUC: 0.72	Changed background during trial which improved TBR results
		18	MGC	Midgut
		4	Stomach	Stomach
Kunikowska et al	28	1	MGC	Midgut	68Ga	N/S	80	N/S	Identified impalpable tumour in a Meckel’s diverticulum
Sadowski et al	29	3	MGC	Midgut	68Ga	N/S	185	78.2 (10–193) min	Identified 44 lesions, 3 impalpable, 35 confirmed by pathology Correctly identified 81% of GIT tumours and nodes but only 66.7% of pNET
		2	Gastrinoma	Duodenum (± stomach)
		9	Pancreatic	Pancreas
Todorović-Tirnanić et al	30	1	MGC	Midgut	177Lu 90Y	N/S	3000 6000	5 d	Identified all lesions seen on PET/CT scan, plus bilateral ovarian metastases
Kaemmerer et al	31	7	Ileal NET	Midgut	68Ga	N/S	180	19–120 min	Probe 94% of lesions, PET/CT 69% and palpation, 50% RGS resulted in change in the operative procedure in 56%
		1	Pancreatic	Pancreas
		1	NET-CUP	Unknown
Freesmeyer et al	32	1	Carcinoid	Duodenum	68Ga	N/S	N/S	N/S	Identified impalpable tumour allowing conservative surgery
Yüksel et al	33	1	MGC	Midgut	mIBG	N/S	280	24 h	Identified 3 occult nodal metastases
Benevento et al	34	1	MGC	Midgut	125I-OCT	10	19	Intra-op	Resected lesion
Kunikowska et al	35	1	Pancreatic	Pancreas	68Ga	N/S	80	60 min	Not identified with probe	Used PET/CT of specimen to verify margins post-op
Arbizu et al	36	1	MGC	Midgut	18F-DOPA	N/S	N/S	N/S	Visually identified and confirmed with probe
Wang et al	12	5	MGC	Midgut	mIBG	N/S	18.5–370	2–8 days	“Only helpful in one patient”
		1	Pancreatic	Pancreas

GIT gastrointestinal tract, pNET pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour, NET-CUP neuroendocrine cancer of unknown primary, ⁶⁸Ga gallium-68 DOTA-peptides, ¹⁷⁷Lu lutitium-177 DOTA-peptide, ⁹⁰Y yttrium-90 DOTA-peptide, mIBG ¹²³I-MIBG, N/S not stated