TABLE 1.
Comparison of the demographic characteristics of the participants before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
| Variables |
Before COVID-19 (n = 266)
|
During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 242)
|
||||||||
| n (%) | Burnout | Anxiety | Stress | Depression | n (%) | Burnout | Anxiety | Stress | Depression | |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 50 (18.8) | t = 1.85 (0.06) | t = 0.62 (0.53) | t = −0.27 (0.78) | t = 0.50 (0.61) | 68 (28.1) | t = 1.30 (0.23) | t = −0.90 (0.36) | t = −1.33 (0.18) | t = −0.43 (0.66) |
| Female | 216 (81.2) | 174 (71.9) | ||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Unmarried / widowed / divorce | 47 (17.7) | t = −0.42 (0.70) | t = −0.97 (0.33) | t = −0.40 (0.68) | t = −1.05 (0.29) | 59 (24.4) | t = 1.04 (0.29) | t = 1.25 (0.21) | t = 0.76 (0.44) | t = 0.80 (0.42) |
| Married | 219 (82.3) | 183 (75.6) | ||||||||
| Number of children | ||||||||||
| 0 | 106 (39.8) | 79 (32.6) | ||||||||
| 1 | 60 (22.6) | F = 0.86 (0.46) | F = 0.53 (0.66) | F = 0.80 (0.49) | F = 0.76 (0.51) | 55 (22.7) | F = 1.08 (0.35) | F = 0.30 (0.82) | F = 0.79 (0.50) | F = 0.56 (0.63) |
| 2 | 81 (30.5) | 81 (33.5) | ||||||||
| 3≤ | 19 (7.1) | 27 (11.2) | ||||||||
| Educational level | ||||||||||
| Bachelor | 237 (89.1) | t = 0.19 (0.84) | t = −0.87 (0.38) | t = −0.62 (0.53) | t = −0.90 (0.36) | 223 (92.1) | t = −0.80 (0.42) | t = −0.49 (0.62) | t = −0.55 (0.57) | t = 0.46 (0.64) |
| Masters | 29 (10.9) | 19 (7.9) | ||||||||
| Income (million riyal) | ||||||||||
| <3 | 106 (39.8) | F = 0.86 (0.42) | F = 1.35 (0.26) | F = 1.34 (0.26) | F = 0.33 (0.71) | 28 (11.6) | F = 2.85 (0.05) | F = 0.12 (0.88) | F = 0.76 (0.46) | F = 1.51 (0.22) |
| 3–5 | 141 (53.1) | 177 (73.1) | ||||||||
| >5 | 19 (7.1) | 36 (15.3) | ||||||||
| Type of employment | ||||||||||
| Hired | 164 (61.7) | t = −0.69 (0.48) | t = 0.71 (0.47) | t = 1.09 (0.27) | t = 1.05 (0.29) | 161 (66.5) | t = 0.46 (0.64) | t = −0.27 (0.78) | t = −0.64 (0.52) | t = −0.54 (0.58) |
| Contract recruitersa / Committedb | 102 (38.3) | 81 (33.5) | ||||||||
| Work experience (yr.) | ||||||||||
| >5 | 73 (27.4) | 87 (36.0) | ||||||||
| 5–10 | 120 (45.1) | F = 0.65 (0.58) | F = 2.73 (0.04) | F = 4.57 (0.004) | F = 4.16 (0.007) | 67 (27.7) | F = 0.32 (0.81) | F = 0.79 (0.49) | F = 1.79 (0.14) | F = 1.12 (0.33) |
| 11–15 | 40 (15.0) | 38 (15.7) | ||||||||
| >15 | 33 (12.4) | 50 (20.7) | ||||||||
| Ward | ||||||||||
| Critical/intensive | 76 (28.6) | 89 (36.8) | ||||||||
| Emergency | 44 (16.5) | F = 5.35 (0.001) | F = 1.77 (0.15) | F = 1.06 (0.36) | F = 2.00 (0.11) | 65 (26.9) | F = 0.97 (0.40) | F = 0.54 (0.65) | F = 0.39 (0.75) | F = 0.55 (0.64) |
| Medical | 90 (33.8) | 59 (24.4) | ||||||||
| Others | 56 (21.1) | 29 (12.0) | ||||||||
| Shift | ||||||||||
| Fixed | 26 (9.8) | t = −2.16 (0.03) | t = −1.42 (0.15) | t = −1.17 (0.24) | t = −1.61 (0.10) | 23 (9.5) | t = −0.13 (0.89) | t = −0.02 (0.98) | t = 1.00 (0.31) | t = 0.50 (0.61) |
| Rotational | 240 (90.2) | 219 (90.5) | ||||||||
| Working hours (h) per month | ||||||||||
| <150 | 46 (17.3) | 46 (19.0) | ||||||||
| 150–160 | 100 (37.6) | F = 2.08 (0.10) | F = 2.70 (0.04) | F = 2.94 (0.03) | F = 2.57 (0.05) | 108 (44.6) | F = 0.84 (0.47) | F = 0.87 (0.45) | F = 0.27 (0.84) | F = 0.65 (0.57) |
| 161–170 | 80 (30.1) | 49 (20.2) | ||||||||
| >170 | 40 (15.0) | 39 (16.1) | ||||||||
Data were presented as number (%). t, independent t-test; F, analysis of variance test; a, annually contracted with payment similar to hired nurses, b, it is obligatory to work for government for 2 years at a lower rate of pay.