Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohort according to the presence of AKI.
| No AKI (n = 368, 21.9%) | AKI (n = 1315, 78.1%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Male) | 159 (43.2%) | 665 (50.6%) | 0.013 |
| Age (year) | 58.90 ± 14.82 | 63.17 ± 14.10 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| DM | 110 (30.2%) | 421 (32.0%) | 0.526 |
| HTN | 158 (42.9%) | 639 (48.6%) | 0.059 |
| Chronic liver disease | 35 (9.5%) | 118 (9.0%) | 0.759 |
| IHD | 16 (4.3%) | 80 (6.1%) | 0.252 |
| PAOD | 17 (4.6%) | 64 (4.9%) | 0.486 |
| HF | 9 (2.4%) | 49 (3.7%) | 0.262 |
| Dementia | 4 (1.1%) | 37 (2.8%) | 0.057 |
| Hemiparesia | 6 (1.6%) | 22 (1.7%) | 0.585 |
| COPD | 16 (4.3%) | 85 (6.5%) | 0.138 |
| Connective tissue disease | 15 (4.1%) | 49 (3.7%) | 0.758 |
| CKD | 37 (10.1%) | 363 (27.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory test | |||
| Hb [g/dL] | 11.4 ± 2.26 | 10.3 ± 2.23 | < 0.001 |
| WBC [× 103/µL] | 8.55 [0.35, 32.03] | 10.39 [0.46, 46.70] | < 0.001 |
| Platelet [× 103/µL] | 249.1 [9.5, 837.0] | 241.3 [7.4, 844.0] | 0.117 |
| Na [mmol/L] | 138.4 [114.0, 147.0] | 136.2 [107.2, 158.0] | < 0.001 |
| K [mmol/L] | 4.09 [2.02, 6.20] | 4.49 [2.50, 9.74] | < 0.001 |
| Cl [mmol/L] | 103.1 [81.0, 115.0] | 102.3 [68.0, 134.0] | 0.041 |
| Total CO2 [mmol/L] | 24.5 [10.3, 48.1] | 21.3 [4.1, 41.4] | < 0.001 |
| Baseline Cr [mg/dL] | 0.8 [0.17, 5.93] | 1.0 [0.10, 6.40] | < 0.001 |
| Baseline eGFR | 94.73 [9.40, 157.14] | 83.80 [7.99, 188.96] | < 0.001 |
| CRP [mg/L] | 57.25 [0.23, 383.39] | 87.39 [0.10, 444.57] | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin [ng/mL] | 7.64 [0.03, 87.90] | 20.64 [0.02, 200.0] | < 0.001 |
| Glucose [mg/dL] | 133.9 ± 64.5 | 138.4 ± 72.5 | 0.379 |
| HbA1c [% of THb] | 6.96 ± 1.75 | 6.57 ± 1.86 | 0.064 |
| Protein [g/dL] | 6.79 [3.30, 9.20] | 6.56 [3.20, 9.70] | < 0.001 |
| Albumin [g/dL] | 3.72 ± 0.59 | 3.49 ± 0.60 | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid [mg/dL] | 4.8 [1.3, 14.8] | 6.7 [1.1, 29.1] | < 0.001 |
| Etiology of obstruction | < 0.001 | ||
| Malignancy | 162 (44.0%) | 774 (58.9%) | |
| Stone | 134 (36.4%) | 347 (26.4%) | |
| Others | 72 (19.3%) | 194 (14.8%) | |
DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, IHD ischemic heart disease, PAOD peripheral arterial occlusive disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, Hb hemoglobin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP C-reactive protein, AKI acute kidney injury.