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. 2021 Dec 8;11:23581. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02677-2

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Difference of fitness between mutant and resident $w_{m} - w_{r}$ , for different strategies that are ESS when there are no errors. We differentiate between strategies that were cooperators, defectors and the strategy that always defect (AllD), which is the only ESS in presence of errors. The results are presented for a high benefit to cost ratio ( $b / c = 20$ ) to highlight the difference of fitness. Results for other, smaller benefit to cost ratios, can be found in supplementary figures S5 and S6, showing the same trend.