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. 2021 Dec 8;11:23635. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02624-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Axenic preparation of homozygous park²⁵ embryos dramatically reduces eclosion rate. Embryos from park²⁵ and control flies were made axenic and gnotobiotic for feces-derived bacteria from park²⁵ or control flies. Pupae count and eclosion was recorded from each vial. Heterozygous (Het) park²⁵ pupae were differentiated from the homozygous (Hom) park²⁵ pupae by the presence of the Tubby marker on the TM6C balancer chromosome. Data are presented as mean and SEM. Post-hoc Tukey’s analysis results are shown: **** = P < 0.0001. Sample (number of vials) sizes: Control (axenic = 40, control feces = 41, park²⁵ feces = 42), Het and Hom park²⁵ (axenic = 202, control feces = 63, park²⁵ feces = 59).