Table 4.

Differences in heart rate according to gender for each procedure.

	Gender	Mean	Std. deviation	t*	Sig
Heart rate before (VR)	Male	73.4000	6.09554	−2.117	0.048**
	Female	81.6364	10.82841
Heart rate after (VR)	Male	73.9000	6.62403	−1.102	0.311
	Female	77.7273	9.92059
Heart rate before (TA)	Male	74.9000	9.65459	−2.118	0.048**
	Female	85.4545	12.77782
Heart rate after (TA)	Male	74.1000	7.29459	−2.369	0.029**
	Female	83.4545	10.35725

**Differences are significant at p < 0.05.