Table 1.
SedaDNA permafrost samples.
| Site | Corea | IDb | Calibrated age-modelc (2σ) | Inputd | Total raw reads | PalaeoChip mapped & MEGAN assignede | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | From | To | ||||||
| Bear Creek | BC 4-2B | PHP-1 | ≳30,000 | 1.05 | 5,650,809 | 241,143 (4.27%) | ||
| Lucky Lady II | LL2S-189-E | PHP-2 | 8707 | 8919 | 8637 | 0.9 | 8,667,496 | 9,908 (0.11%) |
| LL2S-253-D1 | PHP-3 | 9177 | 9485 | 8950 | 0.6 | 9,303,528 | 491,487 (5.28%) | |
| LL2C-118-C | PHP-4 | 13,176 | 13,250 | 13,119 | 0.6 | 7,749,177 | 178,973 (2.31%) | |
| LLII 12-84-3 | PHP-6 | 13,335 | 13,393 | 13,277 | 0.6 | 10,235,721 | 806, 601 (7.88%) | |
| LL2C-205-B | PHP-5 | 13,510 | 13,596 | 13,401 | 1.35 | 4,997,824 | 48,226 (0.96%) | |
| LL2C-243-A2 | PHP-7 | 14,113 | 14,245 | 13,975 | 0.6 | 5,820,472 | 54,700 (0.94%) | |
| LLII 12-170-6 | PHP-8 | 14,750 | 14,897 | 14,595 | 0.3 | 1,331,181 | 17,628 (1.32%) | |
| LLII 12-217-8 | PHP-9 | 15,500 | 15,651 | 15,339 | 1.05 | 3,115,296 | 38, 566 (1.24%) | |
| Upper Goldbottom | MM12-118B | PHP-11 | 9,246 | 9869 | 8604 | 1.35 | 7,983,085 | 541,521 (6.78%) |
| MM12-119B | PHP-12 | 10,051 | 10,181 | 9909 | 1.5 | 18,409,441 | 1,823,618 (9.91%) | |
| MM12-115b | PHP-14 | 19,704 | 20,320 | 19,070 | 0.3 | 2,320,965 | 35,539 (1.53%) | |
| MM12-116b | PHP-13 | 20,787 | 20,955 | 20,554 | 0.3 | 1,624,580 | 174,890 (10.77%) | |
| MM12-117b | PHP-15 | 21,232 | 22,424 | 20,568 | 0.3 | 1,910,387 | 164,997 (8.64%) | |
| Upper Quartz | MM12-QC-10 | PHP-19 | 3849 | 3899 | 3727 | 0.6 | 9,244,928 | 190,555 (2.06%) |
| MM12-QC-9 | PHP-20 | 5776 | 5929 | 4590 | 0.6 | 5,913,447 | 312,597 (5.29%) | |
| MM12-QC-8 | PHP-21 | 5909 | 5992 | 5744 | 0.6 | 5,142,454 | 265889 (5.17%) | |
| MM12-QC-6 | PHP-22 | 12,860 | 12,989 | 12,758 | 0.6 | 6,080,182 | 114,978 (1.89%) | |
| MM12-QC-4 | PHP-23 | 14,939 | 15,958 | 13,988 | 0.9 | 14,729,646 | 68,186 (0.46%) | |
| MM12-QC-3 | PHP-24 | 15,759 | 16,862 | 14,720 | 0.3 | 1,129,623 | 17,162 (1.52%) | |
| MM12-QC-2 | PHP-25 | 16,563 | 17,810 | 15,469 | 0.3 | 1,568,411 | 29,419 (1.88%) | |
| Blanks | Extraction (9) & library (4) negative controls | 102,440 | 81 (0.08%) | |||||
| TOTAL | 132,928,653 | 5,626,583 (4.23%) | ||||||
Core identifications as per D’Costa et al.106 for Bear Creek, Mahony100 for Lucky Lady II, Upper Goldbottom, and Upper Quartz, and Sadoway109 for Lucky Lady II.
aLucky Lady II subsamples from vertical cores. Bear Creek, Upper Goldbottom, and Upper Quartz are horizontal samples taken from permafrost exposures.
bPHP = Pleistocene-Holocene Permafrost sedaDNA ID. See Supplementary Table 14 for a breakdown of sedaDNA replicates by core.
cSee Supplementary Figs. 5–7 for Bayesian age-models. Dates reported as calendar/calibrated years before present (cal BP).
dSediment input across extraction replicates.
eSequenced reads that pass quality filters for de-duplication, adaptemer removal, minimum size (24 bp), and map to the PalaeoChip references36 that could then also be BLASTn aligned and taxonomically binned in MEGAN. Percent on-target reads (those that map to the PalaeoChip references) of total raw sequenced reads.