. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2021 Jul 5;117(1):207–215. doi: 10.1111/add.15597

Table 3.

Comparison of between group change scores by use trajectory

	Exclusive EC users n = 32		Dual users n = 66		Exclusive smokers n = 16		F	Unadjusted p	*Adjusted p
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F	Unadjusted p	*Adjusted p
Cigarette dependence	−32.38^a	15.35	−18.48^b	15.55	−14.67^c	16.21	9.64	<.001	<.001
Withdrawal	−6.25^a	6.55	−3.18^a	7.63	0.60^b	7.64	4.64	.012	<.001
Craving	−11.44^a	7.90	−9.59^a	8.31	−6.00^b	12.22	1.88	.158	<.001
Cigarettes per day	−11.19^a	5.54	−9.39^b	7.75	−3.38^c	7.65	6.47	.002	<.001
Cotinine (ng/mL)	−287.62	2077.33	135.70	1649.62	−7.31	659.61	0.67	.513	.263

Note. Bolded values indicate statistically significant omnibus tests. Non-matching (i.e., a and b) superscripts within each row indicate significant post-hoc pairwise comparisons in the adjusted model. *adjusted models include baseline measure of target outcome as covariate in the model.