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. 2021 Dec 8;11:23657. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02970-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hourly dry matter intake (DMI) per mBW (a), cumulative DMI/mBW (b), changes in fat oxidation per mBW (Δ FOX/mBW) (c), changes in carbohydrate oxidation per mBW (Δ COX/mBW) (d), changes in heat production per mBW (Δ HP/mBW) (e) and daily fat oxidation (FOX) (f), carbohydrate oxidation (COX) (g) and heat production (HP) (h), each normalized to dry matter intake (DMI) and metabolic bodyweight (mBW). Cows were intraperitoneally injected with either NaCl (n = 7), AEA (n = 7) or 2-AG (n = 6). Feed was withheld from 07:00 to 08:00 a.m. The star indicates the i.p. injection (08:00 a.m.), the arrow indicates feeding at 08:00 a.m. and 05:00 p.m. Graphs are presented as highest level of significant interaction, associated P-values can be found in Supplementary Table S3. Treatment differences between the control and AEA group are indicated by * (P < 0.05; Tukey–Kramer), and differences between the control and 2-AG group are indicated by “(P < 0.05; Tukey–Kramer).