Fig. 5.

The potential of hinokitiol to induce resistance. (A) The organisms of indicated C. albicans strains at a sub-lethal dose of hinokitiol or FLC were taken as the inoculum for the MIC measurement of the next passage. These passages lasted for 30 days. (B) A dose–response matrix was performed in RPMI 1640 medium with gradients of hinokitiol and Hsp90 inhibitor (geldanamycin) or calcineurin inhibitors (FK506 and cyclosporine A). Data were analyzed after incubation for 24 h at 35 °C and are displayed as a heat map. (C) C. albicans cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with hinokitiol for 10 h. The cells were then stained with Fluo-3AM, and the fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry. The bars represent means ± SD from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.