Table 4.

Multiple linear regression on dry eye disease and vision-related quality of life based on NEI-VFQ-25 in all the participants.

	DED				OSDI score				Schirmer's I test (mm)				TBUT (s)
			95%CI				95%CI				95%CI				95%CI
	β *	P	Low	Up	β*	P	Low	Up	β*	P	Low	Up	β*	P	Low	Up
Overall	−0.14	<0.01	−0.19	−0.09	−0.50	<0.01	−0.54	−0.45	0.01	0.69	−0.04	0.06	0.02	0.37	−0.03	0.08
General health	−0.06	0.03	−0.11	−0.01	−0.11	<0.01	−0.16	−0.06	−0.05	0.06	−0.10	0.01	0.03	0.32	−0.03	0.08
General vision	−0.18	<0.01	−0.24	−0.13	−0.39	<0.01	−0.44	−0.34	0.04	0.13	−0.01	0.09	0.05	0.06	<0.01	0.10
Ocular pain	−0.02	0.49	−0.08	0.04	0.16	<0.01	0.11	0.22	0.01	0.88	−0.06	0.05	0.01	0.67	−0.04	0.07
Near activities	−0.07	0.01	−0.12	−0.02	−0.24	<0.01	−0.29	−0.18	0.01	0.61	−0.04	0.07	0.01	0.95	−0.06	0.05
Distance activities	−0.09	<0.01	−0.14	−0.03	−0.29	<0.01	−0.34	−0.24	0.02	0.38	−0.03	0.08	0.02	0.56	−0.04	0.07
Social functioning	−0.07	0.02	−0.12	−0.01	−0.32	<0.01	−0.37	−0.26	−0.01	0.80	−0.06	0.05	0.02	0.56	−0.04	0.07
Mental health	0.05	0.11	−0.01	0.10	−0.14	<0.01	−0.19	−0.08	−0.02	0.44	−0.08	0.03	−0.04	0.20	−0.09	0.02
Role difficulties	−0.05	0.06	−0.11	<0.01	−0.24	<0.01	−0.29	−0.18	0.02	0.49	−0.04	0.07	0.02	0.60	−0.04	0.07
Dependency	−0.13	<0.01	−0.18	−0.07	−0.45	<0.01	−0.50	−0.40	0.05	0.08	−0.01	0.10	0.01	0.81	−0.05	0.06
Driving	−0.10	0.02	−0.18	−0.02	−0.21	<0.01	−0.28	−0.15	−0.02	0.63	−0.10	0.06	0.01	0.98	−0.08	0.08
Color vision	−0.01	0.70	−0.07	0.05	−0.21	<0.01	−0.27	−0.15	0.02	0.52	−0.04	0.07	0.01	0.80	−0.05	0.06
Peripheral vision	−0.04	0.19	−0.09	0.02	−0.26	<0.01	−0.31	−0.20	−0.03	0.29	−0.09	0.03	0.01	0.94	−0.05	0.06

TBUT, Tear film break up time; OSDI, ocular surface disease index; CI, confidence interval; DED, dry eye disease; NEI-VFQ-25, 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire.

^*Adjusted with age, gender, annual household incomes, and diabetes.

Bold values mean statistically significant.