Figure 1.

Adaptation of the social ecological model for pharmacy education.⁴

The social  ecological model (SEM) for  public  health  consists  of five levels to which interventions  can  target  and effect  behavior change:  individual,  interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy. These five levels of the SEM have been adapted into domains that are specific to pharmacy education above. These are the domains in which interventions can effect change across the pharmacy academy. The curricula of colleges and schools of pharmacy embody the individual level. Just as interpersonal relationships can influence individuals, the interprofessional domain represents the interpersonal level whereby departments, schools, and colleges can collaborate and exert influence across disciplines. The institutional domain characterizes the organizational level, and the community level remains the same in both models. Finally, the accreditation domain symbolizes public policy for pharmacy education.