Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 28;8(23):2102035. doi: 10.1002/advs.202102035

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Pro‐osteogenic inflammatory tissue microenvironment that facilitates osteogenesis. a) The schematic diagram showing the activation of integrin signaling after the formation of biomimicking bone–implant interface. b–e) Representative Giemsa staining (b, scale bar = 500 µm), TRAP staining (c, scale bar = 200 µm), and H&E staining (d, scale bar = 200 µm) showing the early tissue response to the implants at week 1 postoperation. e) Representative immunofluorescent staining showing the presence of CD68 positive macrophage around the implants. f) Cytokine release profile of THP1‐derived macrophage cultured in the medium extract of the implants. g–i) The effect of medium extract on the inflammatory gene expression g), intracellular ATP level h), as well as gene expression of CD163 and CD206 i) in THP1‐derived macrophage. (n = 3), *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 by Student's t‐test . j) The effect of conditional medium from implant extract treated macrophage on the expression of osteoblast marker genes in hMSC (n = 3). k) The schematic diagram showing the dynamic degradation behaviors of the implants and their influences on bone healing process.