Table 1.

Results of univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses

Variable	Univariate regression analysis				Multivariate regression analysis
	Studies, n (%)	Crude meta-RR	95% CI	P value	Adjusted meta-RR	95% CI	P value
Patient group
Children	30 (12.45)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Pregnant	17 (7.05)	1.16	0.99 to 1.37	0.074	1.02	0.75 to 1.10	0.901
Adults	194 (80.50)	0.91	0.82 to 1.00	0.057	0.83	0.63 to 1.11	0.209
Age (years)
≤18	30 (12.45)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)	1 (reference)
19–45	102 (42.32)	0.98	0.88 to 1.09	0.682	1.12	0.84 to 1.48	0.446
>45	68 (27.39)	0.87	0.77 to 0.97	0.015	1.09	0.82 to 1.45	0.539
NM	43 (17.84)	0.93	0.83 to 1.05	0.252	1.13	0.85 to 1.49	0.393
Screening
Non-screening studies	176 (73.03)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Screening studies	65 (26.97)	1.16	1.08 to 1.25	<0.001	1.08	1.01 to 1.17	0.031
Region
Africa	12 (5.00)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)	1 (reference)
America	25 (10.42)	0.78	0.67 to 0.90	0.001	0.71	0.62 to 0.82	<0.001
Asia	175 (72.92)	0.64	0.56 to 0.72	<0.001	0.78	0.68 to 0.89	<0.001
Europe	28 (11.67)	0.71	0.62 to 0.82	<0.001	0.69	0.60 to 0.78	<0.001
Time trend
Before March 2020	95 (39.42)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)	1 (reference)
March 2020 afterwards	68 (28.22)	1.33	1.24 to 1.43	<0.001	1.29	1.17 to 1.43	<0.001
NM	78 (32.37)	1.07	1.00 to 1.14	0.092	1.05	0.98 to 1.12	0.158

NM, not mentioned; RR, risk ratio.