Fig. 4.

Influences of metal, energy and pH on PEDV nsp13 unwinding activity. 5′-overhang dsDNA substrates were incubated with nsp13 in reaction buffer containing 2 mM of MgCl₂, MnCl₂, CuCl₂, or ZnCl₂(A) or increasing concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 mM) of MgCl₂(B), or 2 mM of NTPs/dNTPs (C), or increasing concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 mM) of ATP (D), or at the indicated pH (E) at 30℃ for 10 min, then loaded on 8 % nondenaturing PAGE and visualized using an FLA-5000 imaging system.