Table 1.
Study design of selected modelling studies
| Reference | Year of publication | Setting | Model type | Disease states modelled | Study population | Timeframe (cycle length) |
Perspective | Discount rate | Health measure | Calibration /validation |
Year of cost |
| Canfell et al25 | 2011 | Shanxi Province (rural) | Cohort, Dynamic | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Males+females (of all ages) | Lifetime (1 year) |
Societal | 3% | Life year | Calibration | 2010 |
| Choi et al26 | 2018 | Hong Kong | Cohort dynamic (for transmission)+individual-based (for disease) | CIN (3) Cervical cancer: 4 stages+asymptomatic/ symptomatic |
Males+females (10–85 years) | Lifetime (1 month) |
Societal | 3% | Life year, QALY | Calibration | 2018* |
| Jiang et al27 | 2019 | China | Cohort, Static | Cervical cancer | Females of 16 years | Lifetime (unclear) |
Healthcare payer | 3% | DALY | No | 2017 |
| Levin et al28 | 2015 | China | Individual, Static | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Females (9 years and older) | Lifetime (1 month) |
Government | Unclear | Deaths averted | Calibration | 2009 |
| Liu et al29 | 2016 | China (rural, urban) |
Cohort, Static | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Females of 12–55 years | Lifetime (1 year) |
Healthcare payer | 3% | QALY | Calibration, Validation | 2016* |
| Luo et al30 | 2020 | Wuhan City | Cohort, Static | Cervical cancer | Females of 12 years | Lifetime (unclear) |
Unclear | 3% | DALY | No | 2020* |
| Luo et al31 | 2020 | Zhejiang Province | Cohort, Static | High-risk HPV infection Low-grade SIL High-grade SIL Cervical cancer |
Females of 12 years | Lifetime (1 year) |
Government | 3% | QALY | No | 2020* |
| Ma et al32 | 2020 | China | Cohort, Dynamic | HPV infection (high/low-risk) CIN (3) Cervicl cancer Genital wart |
Females (of all ages) | 50 years (1 year) |
Unclear | 3% | DALY | Calibration | 2020 |
| Mo et al33 | 2017 | China | Cohort, Static | HPV infection (high/low-risk) CIN (3) Cervicl cancer Genital wart |
Females of 12 years | Lifetime (1 year) |
Societal | 3% | QALY | Calibration | 2015 |
| Qie34 | 2017 | Zhejiang Province | Cohort, Static | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Females of 18–25 years | Unclear (unclear) |
Healthcare sector | 3% | QALY | No | 2017* |
| Song et al35 | 2017 | China | Cohort, Dynamic | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Males+females | 100 years (unclear) |
Healthcare sector | 3% | Life year | Validation | 2017* |
| Sun et al36 | 2017 | Jiangsu Province | Cohort, Static | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Females of 18–25 years | Lifetime (unclear) |
Healthcare sector | 3% | QALY | No | 2017* |
| Zhang et al37 | 2016 | China (rural, urban) |
Cohort, Static | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Females of 12 years | Lifetime (unclear) |
Healthcare payer | 3% | QALY | Validation | 2013 |
| Zou et al13 | 2020 | China | Cohort, Static | CIN (3), cervical cancer | Females of 9–14 years | Lifetime (1 year) |
Healthcare sector | 3% | QALY | Calibration, Validation | 2019 |
*No year of cost reported, using publication year instead.
CIN (3), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (three stages); DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; HPV, human papillomavirus; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year; SIL, squamous intraepithelial lesion.