Table 1. Cohort Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| MOGAD (n = 182) | AQP4-NMOSD (n = 222) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 113 (62.1) | 189 (85.1) |
| Male | 69 (37.9) | 33 (14.9) |
| Age, median (range), y | ||
| Current | 38 (7-80) | 55 (7-90) |
| At onset | 28 (2-75) | 43 (3-84) |
| Age <18 y at disease onset | 49 (26.9) | 28 (12.6) |
| No. of attacks per patient, median (range) | 2 (1-15) | 2.5 (1-23) |
| Follow-up duration, median (range), mo | 52 (11-253) | 87.5 (11-260) |
| MRI | ||
| No. of attacks | ||
| Total (sessions)a | 416 (296) | 669 (470) |
| Brain | 265 | 338 |
| Spinal cord | 151 | 331 |
| No. of remissions | ||
| Total (sessions)a | 247 (167) | 379 (269) |
| Brain | 137 | 179 |
| Spinal cord | 110 | 200 |
| Age at remission MRI scanning, median (range), y | 33 (3-76) | 49 (9-86) |
| Age <18 y at remission MRIb | 36 (21.5) | 21 (7.8) |
| Therapy at remission MRI scanb | ||
| Azathioprine ± prednisolone | 15 (9) | 104 (38.7) |
| Mycophenolate ± prednisolone | 11 (6.6) | 61 (22.7) |
| Methotrexate ± prednisolone | 5 (3) | 29 (10.8) |
| Cyclophosphamide ± prednisolone | 0 | 2 (0.74) |
| Rituximab ± prednisolone | 3 (1.8) | 13 (4.8) |
| Tacrolimus | 2 (1.2) | 0 |
| IVIG ± prednisolone | 0 | 4 (1.5) |
| Eculizumab | 1 (0.6) | 0 |
| Oral prednisolone | 51 (30.5) | 29 (10.8) |
| MS therapy | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.37) |
| No/subtherapeutic therapyc | 78 (46.7) | 26 (9.6) |
Abbreviations: AQP4-NMOSD, aquaporin-4 antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; MOGAD, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MS, multiple sclerosis.
a
Brain and spinal cord scans often performed during a single MRI session.
b
Denominators are the number of remission MRI sessions (167 for MOGAD and 269 for AQP4-NMOSD) instead of the total cohort of patients.
c
Included patients receiving subtherapeutic doses of immunosuppression (eg, <5 mg oral prednisolone daily, azathioprine <2.5 mg/kg/d).