Table 1.
Univariate Analysis Comparing Patients with Bone Flap Failure and Those without Failure
| Variable | Total cohort (n = 131) | No failure (n = 106) | Failure (n = 25) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at cranioplasty (years) | 38.5 ± 14.0 | 38.8 ± 14.2 | 37.1 ± 12.8 | 0.57 |
| Operative time (min) | 130.4 ± 60.1 | 126.5 ± 61.1 | 146.6 ± 51.4 | 0.14 |
| Area of bone removal (cm2) | 114.9 ± 21.2 | 111.8 ± 19.7 | 128.5 ± 21.5 | <0.001 |
| Time to cranioplasty (days) | 111.1 ± 58.9 | 110.3 ± 59.3 | 114.4 ± 55.5 | 0.75 |
| Required EVD | 14 (10.6%) | 11 (10.3%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.81 |
| Required VPS | 14 (10.6%) | 11 (10.3%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.81 |
| Trauma | 116 (88.5%) | 95 (89.6%) | 21 (84.0%) | 0.43 |
| Malignant stroke | 15 (11.4%) | 11 (10.3%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.43 |
| Fragmentation | 19 (14.5%) | 14 (13.2%) | 5 (20.0%) | 0.39 |
| CSF diversion after cranioplasty | 27a (20.6%) | 20 (18.8%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0.31 |
| Diabetes | 19 (14.5%) | 17 (16.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.31 |
| Hyperlipidemia, cardiopulmonary disease | 15 (11.5%) | 13 (12.2%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0.55 |
| Hypertension | 43 (32.8%) | 35 (33.0%) | 8 (32.0%) | 0.92 |
| Smoker | 90 (68.7%) | 81 (76.4%) | 9 (36.0%) | 0.27 |
| Infection | 16 (12.2%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (64.0%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 36 (27.4%) | 32 (30.1%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0.15 |
| BMI >25 | 81 (61.8%) | 65 (61.3%) | 16 (64.0%) | 0.80 |
| Cranioplasty area >125 cm2 | 44 (33.6%) | 30 (28.3%) | 14 (56.0%) | 0.01 |
a
One patient required EVD and VPS.
BMI, body mass index; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EVD, external ventricular drain; VPS, ventriculoperitoneal shunt.