Table 1:
Participant characteristics at study baseline (CARDIA study exam at Y10)
| Low Post Load N=754 (40%) |
Medium Post Load N=659 (35%) |
High Post Load N=466 (25%) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD / N (%) | Mean ± SD / N (%) | Mean ± SD / N (%) | ||
| Age at baseline | 35 ± 4 | 35 ± 4 | 35 ± 4 | 0.48 |
| Sex (% Females) | 208 (44.44%) | 220 (55.28%) | 177 (65.07%) | <.0001 |
| Race (% Black race) | 160 (34.19%) | 147 (36.93%) | 93 (34.19%) | 0.24 |
| Education | 0.41 | |||
| High School or less | 235 (31.2%) | 206 (31.3%) | 164 (35.2%) | |
| College | 448 (59.4%) | 379 (57.5%) | 258 (55.4%) | |
| Graduate School | 71 (9.4%) | 74 (11.2%) | 44 (9.4%) | |
| Marital Status | 0.35 | |||
| Married | 171 (22.7%) | 154 (23.4%) | 128 (27.5%) | |
| Widowed | 66 (8.8%) | 47 (7.1%) | 31 (6.7%) | |
| Divorced/Separated | 41 (5.4%) | 45 (6.8%) | 27 (5.8%) | |
| Single | 476 (63.1%) | 413 (62.7%) | 280 (60.1%) | |
| Center | 0.02 | |||
| Birmingham | 120 (25.64%) | 100 (25.13%) | 69 (25.37%) | |
| Chicago | 88 (18.80%) | 98 (24.62%) | 61 (22.43%) | |
| Minneapolis | 159 (33.97%) | 101 (25.38%) | 75 (27.57%) | |
| Oakland | 101 (21.58%) | 99 (24.87%) | 67 (24.63%) | |
| Smoking status | 0.15 | |||
| Never | 290 (62.23%) | 268 (67.51%) | 184 (67.90%) | |
| Former | 82 (17.60%) | 75 (18.89%) | 51 (18.82%) | |
| Current | 94 (20.17%) | 54 (13.60%) | 36 (13.28%) | |
| CRP at Year 7 (μg/ml) | 2.09 ± 5.16 | 2.94 ± 13.55 | 3.17 ± 5.65 | <.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.9 | 26.7 ± 5.5 | 27.8 ± 6.4 | <.0001 |
| Physical Activity (total intensity score) | 382 ± 283 | 332 ± 257 | 311 ± 269 | 0.0001 |
| Total Plasma Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.51 ± 0.84 | 4.61 ± 0.84 | 4.6 ± 0.86 | 0.06 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.35 | 1.3 ± 0.35 | 1.29 ± 0.36 | 0.02 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.75 ± 0.78 | 2.85 ± 0.79 | 2.83 ± 0.81 | 0.05 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | 71 ± 9 | 72 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 0.01 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | 108 ± 12 | 109 ± 12 | 109 ± 12 | 0.23 |
| HOMA-IR Y10 | 2.43 ± 1.31 | 2.52 ± 1.28 | 2.82 ± 1.76 | 0.0001 |
| Medication use** (%Yes) | 30 (4%) | 40 (6.1%) | 33 (7.1%) | 0.05 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.72 ± 0.34 | 4.68 ± 0.34 | 4.63 ± 0.38 | 0.0001 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 3.95 ± 0.63 | 5.12 ± 0.43 | 6.29 ± 0.63 | <.0001 |
| Difference (2hPG - FPG) at Y10 | −0.78 ± 0.57 | 0.44 ± 0.26 | 1.66 ± 0.55 | <.0001 |
**
Medication use is a summary variable if participant reported use of any medication that could affect glucose metabolism and includes diuretics, β-blockers, ACE inhibitors/sartans, calcium channel blockers, statins, steroids, and estroprogestins.