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. 2021 Nov 25;8:721673. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721673

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Copyright © 2021 Dearlove, Holdsworth, Kirk, Hodson, Charidemou, Kvalheim, Stubbs, Beevers, Griffin, Evans, Robertson, Clarke and Cox.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intramuscular metabolites. (A) βHB pre- and post-exercise. (B) Association between post-exercise intramuscular βHB and βHB oxidation rate at t = 60 min. Limits represent 95% CI. (C) Long-chain acylcarnitines (C12 to C18) abundance pre- and post-exercise. (D) glucose 6 phosphate (G6P)/fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) pre- and post-exercise. (E) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBPN) pre- and post-exercise. (F) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) pre- and post-exercise. (G) 2-Phosphoglyceric acid (2PG)/3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG) pre- and post-exercise. (H) phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) pre- and post-exercise. (I) Citrate/isocitrate pre- and post-exercise. (J) α-ketoglutarate pre- and post-exercise. (K) Succinate pre- and post-exercise. (L) Malate pre- and post-exercise. Significant post-hoc comparisons: † = KE+CHO vs. KE+FAT; ‡ = KE+CHO+FAT vs. KE+FAT; § = KE+CHO vs. KE+CHO+FAT; ¶ = Pre- vs. post-exercise. Values = mean ± SD.