FIGURE 6.

Anti-TNFR2 antibody in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy exerts superior antitumor effect than monotherapy. Twenty-four BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells, and the tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into four groups (six mice/group): isotype IgG control group, anti-TNFR2 group, anti-PD-L1 group, and anti-TNFR2⁺ anti-PD-L1 combination group (two doses per week). (A) Anti-TNFR2 antibody in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy largely suppressed tumor growth. When compared with control group, anti-TNFR2 antibody monotherapy and combination therapy significantly inhibited the increase of tumor volume, with the combination therapy showing stronger effect (***p < 0.001). (B) Kaplan–Meier plot shows that combination therapy significantly improved the overall survival (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, four mice showed complete response in combination therapy). (C) The tumor-free mice after monotherapy and combination therapy were rechallenged with 4T1 (2 × 10⁵ cells/100 μl) and CT26 (2 × 10⁵ cells/100 μl) cells on contralateral flanks. Representative photographs from each group demonstrated that tumor growth of 4T1 cells was totally inhibited while CT26 tumor continued growing. (D) The tumor growth curve of CT26 cells in tumor-free mice after mono- or combination therapy. No difference was observed between mice after monotherapy and combination therapy.