Table 1.
General characteristics
| noPDA (n = 64) | PDA (n = 41) | HsPDA (n = 18) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD)1–3 | 28.5 (1.92) | 27.2 (1.65) | 25.8 (2.01) | < 0.001 |
| Birth weight (g), mean (SD)1–3 | 1118.6 (221.03) | 1009.5 (215.43) | 839.4 (219.99) | < 0.001 |
| Male, % | 31 (48.4) | 23 (56.1) | 10 (55.6) | NS |
| Apgar at 1 min, mean (SD) | 7 (1.62) | 6.7 (1.82) | 5.8 (2.28) | NS |
| Apgar at 5 min, mean (SD) | 8 (1.41) | 7.9 (1.19) | 7.4 (1.33) | NS |
| Hours of life at measurement, mean (SD)2, 3 | 150.4 (45.3) | 141.6 (36.7) | 185.8 (58.0) | 0.003 |
| Haematocrit (%), mean (SD)2 | 46.03 (8.48) | 43.67 (10.523) | 38.71 (7.094) | 0.011 |
| Platelets (× 109/l), mean (SD) | 269.19 (99.687) | 254 (116.908) | 258.44 (150.983) | NS |
| pCO2, mean (SD) | 42.25 (6.816) | 44.41 (9.25) | 46.09 (10.912) | NS |
| Lactate (mmol/l), mean (SD) | 1.94 (0.598) | 2.15 (1.084) | 2.06 (0.523) | NS |
| Urine output (ml/kg/h), mean (SD) | 3.91 (0.796) | 3.63 (0.971) | 3.51 (0.899) | NS |
| Antenatal steroids 2x, % | 42 (66.7) | 32 (78.0) | 13 (72.2) | NS |
| Chorioamnionitis, % | 16 (25.8) | 11 (28.9) | 6 (35.3) | NS |
| Caesarean section, % | 44 (68.8) | 33 (80.5) | 8 (44.4) | 0.025 |
| Surfactant, % | 41 (64.1) | 36 (87.8) | 17 (94.4) | 0.003 |
| Mechanical ventilation, % | 11 (17.2) | 18 (43.9) | 16 (88.9) | < 0.001 |
| Non-invasive respiratory support, % | 35 (54.7) | 17 (41.5) | 1 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
| FiO2, mean (SD)2, 3 | 0.25 (0.05) | 0.25 (0.05) | 0.32 (0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Ductus diameter (cm), mean (SD)3 | – | 0.17 (0.039) | 0.26 (0.032) | < 0.001 |
| LA/Ao ratio, mean (SD)1–3 | 1.24 (0.174) | 1.38 (0.202) | 1.72 (0.179) | < 0.001 |
| RI ACA, mean (SD)1–3 | 0.7 (0.039) | 0.74(0.061) | 0.84 (0.144) | < 0.001 |
| CROR, mean (SD)1, 2 | 0.97 (0.091) | 0.90 (0.108) | 0.87 (0.167) | 0.001 |
1: Statistically significant difference between the “noPDA” and “PDA” groups
2: Statistically significant difference between the “noPDA” and “HsPDA” groups
3: Statistically significant difference between the “PDA” and “HsPDA” groups. NS: not significant