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. 2021 Dec 9;10:56. doi: 10.1186/s13741-021-00224-1

Table 2.

Intra-operative complications according to ClassIntra grade ≥2 and other intra-operative variables

A B C D
Intra-abdominal pressureg Standard Standard Low Low
Neuromuscular blockadeh Moderate Deep Moderate Deep
(n = 401) (n = 78) (n = 29) (n = 48)
Intra-operative complications (ClassIntra grade ≥ 2)
 Total number 32 (8.0%)a,d,e 2 (2.6%)a,c,f 11 (37.9%)b,c,e 8 (16.7%)b,d,f
  Grade 2 30 (7.5%) 2 (2.6%) 10 (34.5%) 8 (16.7%)
  Grade 3 2 (0.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
  Grade 4 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (3.4%) 0 (0.0%)
Type of complication
 Bleeding 13 (40.6%) 2 (100%) 10 (90.9%) 7 (87.5%)
 Organ laceration 16 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (12.5%)
 Bleeding and organ laceration 2 (6.3%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
 Otheri 1 (3.1%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Operation time (min) 210.5 (± 73.7) 130.4 (±41.8) 155.2 (±39.9) 119.7 (±33.2)
Estimated blood loss (ml) 62.3 (±69.6) 45.8 (±58.7) 245.7 (±499.8) 76.1 (±128.5)
Conversion to open procedure 2 (3.4%) 1 (1.3%) 4 (13.8%) 3 (6.3%)

Chi-square testing: aA vs B, p = 0.088; bC vs D, p = 0.109; cB vs C, p < 0.001; dA vs D, p = 0.076; eA vs C, p < 0.001; fB vs D, p = 0.009

gStandard pressure 12–14 mmHg; low pressure 6–7 mmHg

hModerate blockade: single dose rocuronium or TOF count 1–2; deep blockade: PTC 1–2 or PTC 1–5

iRe-laparoscopic procedure for lost gauze (1×)