Table 2.
Intra-operative complications according to ClassIntra grade ≥2 and other intra-operative variables
| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intra-abdominal pressureg | Standard | Standard | Low | Low |
| Neuromuscular blockadeh | Moderate | Deep | Moderate | Deep |
| (n = 401) | (n = 78) | (n = 29) | (n = 48) | |
| Intra-operative complications (ClassIntra grade ≥ 2) | ||||
| Total number | 32 (8.0%)a,d,e | 2 (2.6%)a,c,f | 11 (37.9%)b,c,e | 8 (16.7%)b,d,f |
| Grade 2 | 30 (7.5%) | 2 (2.6%) | 10 (34.5%) | 8 (16.7%) |
| Grade 3 | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Grade 4 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Type of complication | ||||
| Bleeding | 13 (40.6%) | 2 (100%) | 10 (90.9%) | 7 (87.5%) |
| Organ laceration | 16 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (12.5%) |
| Bleeding and organ laceration | 2 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Otheri | 1 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Operation time (min) | 210.5 (± 73.7) | 130.4 (±41.8) | 155.2 (±39.9) | 119.7 (±33.2) |
| Estimated blood loss (ml) | 62.3 (±69.6) | 45.8 (±58.7) | 245.7 (±499.8) | 76.1 (±128.5) |
| Conversion to open procedure | 2 (3.4%) | 1 (1.3%) | 4 (13.8%) | 3 (6.3%) |
Chi-square testing: aA vs B, p = 0.088; bC vs D, p = 0.109; cB vs C, p < 0.001; dA vs D, p = 0.076; eA vs C, p < 0.001; fB vs D, p = 0.009
gStandard pressure 12–14 mmHg; low pressure 6–7 mmHg
hModerate blockade: single dose rocuronium or TOF count 1–2; deep blockade: PTC 1–2 or PTC 1–5
iRe-laparoscopic procedure for lost gauze (1×)