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. 2021 Nov 25;12:755220. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.755220

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Wang, Lin, Chu, Huang, Lee and Chiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Structural equation modeling. The model presented the direct and indirect effects between variables. Gender, as a control variable, is not shown in the figure. ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; DP13, depression in 2013–2014; DP15, depression in 2015–2016; LF13, life satisfaction in 2013–2014; LF15, life satisfaction in 2015–2016. ***p < 0.001.