Table 1.
Demographics, Neighborhood, and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample by Race/Ethnicity
| Characteristica | Totale N=452 | Black n=118 | White n=209 | Latino n=96 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age (years), n (%) | 74.8 (7.1) | 75.0 (6.9) | 75.1 (7.2) | 73.1 (6.8) |
| Male, n (%) | 163 (36.1%) | 27 (22.9%) | 91 (43.5%) | 36 (37.5%) |
| Education (years), mean (SD) | 14.3 (4.0) | 14.5 (3.0) | 15.7 (3.1) | 10.6 (5.0) |
| Cognitive status at IV, n (%) | ||||
| Normal | 297 (65.7%) | 81 (71.7%) | 118 (57.0%) | 79 (86.8%) |
| Mild cognitive impairment | 111 (25.3%) | 25 (22.1%) | 73 (35.3%) | 7 (7.7%) |
| Dementia | 31 (7.1%) | 7 (6.2%) | 16 (7.7%) | 5 (5.5%) |
| APOE e4 carrier, n(%) | 171 (41.0%) | 52 (52.0%) | 94 (46.3%) | 20 (21.5%) |
| Clinic sample (vs community), n(%) | 79 (18.9%) | 11 (10.4%) | 58 (29.9%) | 4 (4.6%) |
| Tested in English (vs. Spanish),n (%) | 360 (88.9%) | − | − | 46 (50.6%) |
| Number of visits, mean (SD) | 5.4 (2.9) | 5.5 (2.9) | 5.0 (2.8) | 6.4 (3.0) |
| Years of follow-up, mean (SD) | 5.2 (3.7) | 5.9 (4.0) | 4.8 (3.3) | 7.0 (3.9) |
| Vascular risk/disease score,b mean (SD) | 0.17 (0.14) | 0.19 (0.15) | 0.15 (0.13) | 0.20 (0.15) |
| Population densityc | 4710 (1979) | 4463 (1642) | 4716 (1649) | 5136 (2844) |
| Neighborhood SESd | 0.10 (0.73) | −0.11 (0.66) | 0.35 (0.63) | −0.20 (0.86) |
| Neighborhood composition | ||||
| % Black | 13.3 (14.2) | 26.4 (18.0) | 7.0 (8.6) | 11.1 (7.1) |
| % Latino | 20.7 (14.5) | 22.9 (14.6) | 16.6 (12.6) | 28.5 (16.0) |
| Neighborhood segregation Gi* statistic | ||||
| Black (versus others) | 8.1 (6.6) | 10.5 (4.6) | 7.6 (7.6) | 5.9 (5.6) |
| Latino (versus others) | −3.6 (5.1) | −5.5 (4.9) | −3.4 (4.4) | −1.5 (6.1) |
| Cognitive z-score, initial visit, mean (SD) | ||||
| Semantic memory | 0.35 (0.78) | 0.19 (0.66) | 0.69 (0.66) | −0.16 (0.85) |
| Episodic memory | −0.07 (0.92) | 0.07 (0.78) | −0.08 (1.02) | −0.18 (0.85) |
| Executive function | 0.04 (0.61) | 0.01 (0.57) | 0.19 (0.62) | −0.20 (0.53) |
Abbreviations: APOE = apolipoprotein E; TIA = transient ischemic attack; vs = versus; mi = mile; SES =socioeconomic status; IV = initial visit
Missing data: cognitive status, n=13; vascular risk/disease index, n=20; test language, n=47; recruitment source, n=35; semantic memory, n=48; APOE, n=35
Vascular risk/disease index on scale of 0 (none) to 1 (all present): heart attack, atrial fibrillation, angioplasty, coronary artery bypass surgery, pacemaker, congestive heart failure, stroke, TIA, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes
people/mi2
Mean of z-scores for % not on public assistance, % employed, % high school diploma, %median household income, median number of rooms, % own home
29 participants were classified as “Other.”