TABLE 2.

Estimated standardized factor loadings of the Dutch promotive and prohibitive voice scales in Study 1 (N = 121), Study 2 (N_T1 = 209/N_T2 = 107), Study 3 (N = 149), and combined sample (N = 479).

		Standardized factor loadings Study 1	Standardized factor loadings Study 2	Standardized factor loadings Study 3	Standardized factor loadings combined sample
Promotive voice
(1)	I proactively develop and make suggestions for issues that may influence the unit.	0.75	0.71/0.76	0.78	0.75
(2)	I proactively suggest new projects which are beneficial to the work unit.	0.74	0.75/0.67	0.72	0.74
(3)	I raise suggestions to improve the unit’s working procedure.	0.76	0.82/0.88	0.84	0.81
(4)	I proactively voice out constructive suggestions that help the unit reach its goals.	0.74	0.86/0.90	0.81	0.82
(5)	I make constructive suggestions to improve the unit’s operation.	0.76	0.84/0.78	0.81	0.82
Prohibitive voice
(6)	I advise other colleagues against undesirable behaviors that would hamper job performance.	0.52	0.69/0.74	0.65	0.68
(7)	I speak up honestly with problems that might cause serious loss to the work unit, even when/though dissenting opinions exist.	0.57	0.72/0.72	0.73	0.70
(8)	I dare to voice out opinions on things that might affect efficiency in the work unit, even if that would embarrass others.	0.68	0.81/0.79	0.79	0.75
(9)	I dare to point out problems when they appear in the unit, even if that would hamper relationships with other colleagues.	0.73	0.89/0.83	0.67	0.79
(10)	I proactively report coordination problems in the workplace to the management.	0.50	0.64/0.63	0.66	0.64