Table 3.

Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of biochemical recurrence in young patients with high- to very high-risk of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Covariates		Adjusted HR *	(95% CI)	p-Value
Curative treatment	Radical prostatectomy	ref		<0.0001
	IMRT + long-term ADT	2.03	(1.56–2.65)
Age	20–59	ref		0.6054
	60–69	1.08	(0.82–1.42)
	70–80
	80+
Years of diagnosis	2011–2012	ref		0.3193
	2013	0.81	(0.56–1.16)
	2014	0.89	(0.62–1.27)
	2015	0.85	(0.59–1.22)
	2016	0.67	(0.45–0.98)
CCI scores	0	ref		0.6576
	1	1.12	(0.83–1.52)
	2+	1.20	(0.79–1.83)
Congestive heart failure		0.74	(0.38–1.44)	0.3760
Peripheral vascular disease		0.51	(0.16–1.64)	0.2569
Cerebrovascular disease		1.07	(0.67–1.70)	0.7711
Chronic pulmonary disease		0.92	(0.58–1.45)	0.7106
Diabetes		0.97	(0.68–1.37)	0.8568
Hypertension		0.93	(0.73–1.17)	0.5365
Income	Low	ref		0.6583
	Very Low	1.06	(0.78–1.43)
	Middle	1.13	(0.82–1.55)
	High	0.91	(0.66–1.26)
Hospital level	Academic centers	ref		0.0073
	Nonacademic centers	1.37	(1.09–1.73)
Hospital area	North	ref		0.1560
	Central	1.05	(0.93–1.79)
	South	1.11	(0.83–1.49)
	East	1.50	(0.70–3.18)
cT-stage	cT1	ref		0.4036
	cT2a	1.04	(0.78–1.39)
	cT2b	1.08	(0.71–1.64)
	cT2c	1.18	(0.41–1.81)
	cT3a	1.26	(0.24–1.99)
EAU risk group	Localized intermediate	ref		<0.0001
	localized-high	2.18	(1.63–2.91)
	Localized advanced	3.41	(1.59–7.32)

RP, radical prostatectomy; T, tumor; cT, clinical tumor stage; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; EAU, European Association of Urology; IMRT, intensity-modulated radiotherapy; ADT, antiandrogen therapy; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; Ref, reference group; NTD, New Taiwan Dollars. * All covariates mentioned in Table 2 were adjusted.