Table 1.

Summary of critical genetic changes in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Gene	Pathways Affected	Type of Expression Abnormality	Frequency (%)
ARID1A [18]	SWI/SNF	Mutation	62
ARID1B [18]	SWI/SNF	Mutation	10
PIK3CA [18,19]	PI3K	Mutation	35–51
PTEN [18,19]	PI3K	Mutation	2–5
PIK3R1 [18,19]	PI3K	Mutation	7–8
PIK3R2 [19]	PI3K	Mutation	5
KRAS [19]	MAPK	Mutation	9
ERBB2 [19]	MAPK	Mutation and amplification	11
HNF-1β [20]	Metabolic pathway	Methylation	>80

Abbreviations: ARID1A, AT-rich interactive domain 1A; ARID1B, AT-rich interactive domain 1B; ; PIK3CA, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; PIK3R1/2, phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1/2; ; KRAS, KRAS proto-oncogene; ERBB2, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; HNF1β, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B; SWI/SNF, switch/sucrose non-fermentable; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; MAPK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase.