Table 5.
Example of the interview data coding procedure.
| Empirical Data | First-Order Coding | Second-Order Coding | Third-Order Coding |
|---|---|---|---|
| My leader is very active on the development of this system [AI-assisted medical imaging system]. I know they have some collaborations [between the hospital and the iFlytek]. [2HD03] | Punished by leaders | Coercive power | Non-knowledge-based |
| Last year [at the beginning several months], every week we have a regular meeting with doctors and hospital managers. During the meeting, head of each department from the hospital attended. And, doctors need to report the use condition of AI products during the weekly meeting. […] If they didn’t use, then they have nothing to report. […] This gives doctors pressure to use the AI product. [4iE03] | Report the usage data of AI during the department weekly meeting | Legitimate power | |
| At the first year, we organized marketing activities to facilitate the doctors’ and patients’ use to AI. […] We set first prize, second prize and third prize to users […] and counted by usage count and valuable feedbacks. [4iE02] | Reward doctors who are active participated on the use and development process of AI | Reward power | |
| In some departments [of the hospital], the using condition is much better than other departments. […] I think the reason is [in one department] there is an overall phenomenon. […] Some doctors would like to use because they saw that their colleague is using. [4iE03] | My colleague is using AI | Referent power | |
| I talk to them [the employee from iFlytek] very frequently. […] If I find problems, I will talk to them and ask questions in time. They can solve most of the problems. […] I would like to continue use. [1HM03] | Keep updating the system and provide expert solutions to problems faced by doctors | Expert power | Knowledge-based |
| Last month, we invited the AI expert Mr He to give a talk to doctors. […] During the talk, the basic knowledge about AI, for example the developing history of AI and key advantaged AI techniques and uses in different areas are introduced to doctors. [4iE02] | Encouraging knowledge sharing of AI to doctors | Informational power | |
| They [iFlytek] have trainings for us, especially at the beginning. […] it is very helpful. […] And anytime they have updates of the system, they will have a small-scale training for us to let us know the new functions and changes. [2HD02] | Provide training to doctors |