Table 3.

Bioimpedance index, impedance ratio and phase angle measured for the whole body and upper and lower limbs in amateur and professional pole dancers.

		Professional Pole Dancers (n = 7)	Amateur Pole Dancers (n = 33)	p-Value	Cohen’s d
Impedance Ratio
Whole body	Z 50/Z 5 kHz	0.869 ± 0.015	0.879 ± 0.014	0.079	0.70
	Z 100/Z 5 kHz	0.817 ± 0.018	0.830 ± 0.016	0.072	0.76
	Z 250/Z 5 kHz	0.756 ± 0.021	0.771 ± 0.018	0.058	0.77
Upper limbs	Z 50/Z 5 kHz	0.875 ± 0.010	0.889 ± 0.013	<0.001 *	1.2
	Z 100/Z 5 kHz	0.824 ± 0.014	0.840 ± 0.015	<0.001 *	1.1
	Z 250/Z 5 kHz	0.753 ± 0.018	0.772 ± 0.018	<0.001 *	1.1
Lower limbs	Z 50/Z 5 kHz	0.863 ± 0.021	0.868 ± 0.018	0.463	0.26
	Z 100/Z 5 kHz	0.810 ± 0.025	0.817 ± 0.021	0.435	0.30
	Z 250/Z 5 kHz	0.763 ± 0.030	0.772 ± 0.025	0.355	0.33
Phase Angle (°)
Whole body		6.37 ± 0.57	6.00 ± 0.55	0.117	0.66
Upper limbs		5.66 ± 0.56	5.19 ± 0.56	0.041 *	0.99
Lower limbs		7.11 ± 0.80	7.04 ± 0.70	0.821	0.09

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. BI index—bioimpedance index calculated as height²/Z. * p < 0.05. Cohen’s d ≤ 0.2—small, 0.2 < d ≤ 0.5—small to medium, 0.5 < d ≤ 0.8—medium to large, d > 0.8—large.