Table 1.
Functional characterization of PCAT6 in multiple human cancers.
| Tumor Types | Expression | Sample Type | Role | Functional Role in Vitro | Functional Role in Vivo | Related Genes/Protein/Pathways | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bladder cancer | Up | cells (RT4, T24, J82, UMUC3, 5637), patient tissue and serum | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | NA | [24] | |
| Up | Cells (T24, EJ, 253j, 5637), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | miR-513a-5p | [21] | ||
| Up | Cells (T24T, EJ, UMUC3, 5637), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | miR-143-3p, PDIA6 | [25] | ||
| Breast cancer | Up | Cells (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-436, HCC-1937), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT process, and angiogenesis | Tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis | VEGF, VEGFR2/Akt/mTOR, miR-4723-5p, USP14, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Slug, Twist, | [26] |
| Up | Cells (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and radiosensitivity | miR-185-5p, TPD52 | [27] | ||
| Cervical cancer | Up | Cells (Caski, SW756, HeLa, ME-180, SiHa, C33A), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion | Wnt/β-catenin, β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-myc | [28] | |
| Up | Cells (SiHa, HeLa, ME180, C-33A), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance | Tumor growth | miR-543, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase 3, ZEB1 | [29] | |
| Colorectal cancer | Up | Cells (SW628, SW480, RKO, COLO320HSR, HCT116), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | Tumor growth | Cleaved-caspase 3, ARC, EZH2 | [30] |
| Up | Cells (HCT116, HT-29, SW620, SW480, DLD-1, RKO, LoVo), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation and chemoresistance | miR-204, HMGA2, PI3K, Akt | [31] | ||
| Gastrointestinal stromal tumor | Up | Cells (GIST-H1, GIST-882, GIST-T1, GIST-48), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, stemness, and apoptosis | Wnt/β-catenin, miR-143-3p, PRDX5 | [32] | |
| Gastric cancer | Up | Cells (BGC-823, SGC-7901, HGC-27, MKN45), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, EMT, and apoptosis | miR-30, MKRN3, caspase 3, caspase 9, Bax, Bcl-2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, ZEB1, Snail | [34] | |
| Up | Cells (MKN45, SGC-7901, AGS, MKN28), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, EMT, and apoptosis | Cyclin D1, p53, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, ZEB1, miR-15a, RB/E2F, Wnt/β-catenin | [33] | ||
| Glioblastoma | Up | Cells (A172, U251, U87, LN229), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation and apoptosis | YY1, miR-513, IGF2BP1, Akt | [35] | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Up | Patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation and migration | NA | [36] | |
| Up | Cells (HuH7, SMMC-7721, Hep3B, HepG2, PLC/PRF/5), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, and migration | PCNA, CCND1, Bcl-2 | [37] | ||
| Up | Cells (MHCC97H, HepG2, Huh7), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation and invasion | Tumor growth | miR-326, hnRNPA2B1 | [38] | |
| Lung cancer | Up | Cells (H1650, HCC827, H1975, A549), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, | Tumor growth | miR-330-5p | [39] |
| Up | Cells (SK-MES-1, H1703, H520, H1299, H1975, SPCA1, A549), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion | Tumor growth | EZH2, LATS2 | [40] | |
| Up | Cells (H292, PC-9, CL1-5, H460, H1650, A549, H446, H1975) | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion | Bcl-2, Bax, c-myc, p53 | [20] | ||
| Up | Cells (H446, H1975), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis | c-myc, MMP9, cleaved-caspase-3, Wnt5a, β-catenin. miR-326. | [42] | ||
| Up | Cells (H1838, H522, H2228, H358, H1299, A549), | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis | Tumor growth | Caspase-3, Ki-67 | [43] | |
| Osteosarcoma | Up | Cells (MG-63, Saos-2, 143B, U2OS), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle | Tumor growth | ZEB1, miR-143-3p | [44] |
| Up | Cells (Saos2, MG63, U2OS, HOS) | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | Tumor growth | MMP2, MMP9, p53, p21, MDM2 | [46] | |
| Up | Cells (Saos2, HOS, U2OS, 143B, KHOS/240S, MG63, SK-ES-1), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | miR-185-5p, TGF-β, p-SMAD, TGFBR1/2 | [45] | ||
| Ovarian cancer | Up | Cells (OVCAR3, PEO1, A2780, 3AO, CAOV3, SKOV3), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | PTEN | [47] | |
| Up | Patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | miR-143-3p, TAK1 | [48] | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | Up | Patient-derived macrophages, patient tissue | Tumor promoter | M2 polarization of macrophages, cellular reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction | Tumor growth | miR-326, RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2 | [54] |
| Up | Cell (ICC-9810, CCLP1, HuCC-T1, QBC939), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation and invasion | miR-330-5p | [49] | ||
| Pituitary adenomas | Up | Patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and EMT | Tumor growth, apoptosis, EMT | miR-139-3p, BRD4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase 3 | [50] |
| Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Up | Cell (Capan-2, AsPC-1, PANC1, BxPC-3), Patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | miR-185-5p, CBX2 | [51] | |
| Prostate cancer | Up | Cell (NCI-H660), patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell NED, proliferation, and invasion | Tumor growth and metastasis | NSE, SYP, ChgA, miR-326, hnRNPA2B1 | [52] |
| Up | Patient tissue | Tumor promoter | Cell proliferation, cycle, migration, and invasion | Tumor growth and BM | IGF2BP2, IGF1R, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, METTL3, ALKBH5 | [53] |
PDIA6, protein disulfide isomerase family A number 6; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEFGR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; Akt, serine/threonine kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; USP14, ubiquitin-specific protease-14; TPD52, tumor protein D52; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; ZEB1, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1; ARC, activity regulated cytoskeleton associated protein; EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2; HMGA2, high mobility group AT-hook 2; PRDX5, peroxiredoxin 5; MKRN3, makorin ring finger protein 3; YY1, Yin Yang 1; IGF2BP1, insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1; IGF2BP2, insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; CCND1, cyclin D1; hnRNPA2B1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, LATS2, large tumor suppressor kinase 2; Bax, BCL2 associated X; MMP2, matrix metallopeptidase 2; MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9; MDM2, mouse double minute 2 homolog; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TGFBR1/2, transforming growth factor β receptor 1/2; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; TAK1, TGF-β activated kinase 1; RhoA, ras homolog family member A; ROCK1/2, Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1/2; BRD4, bromodomain containing 4; CBX2, chromobox 2; NED, neuroendocrine differentiation; SYP, synaptophysin; ChgA, chromogranin A; BM, bone metastasis; IGF1R, insulin like growth factor 1 receptor; METTL3, methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit; ALKBH5, alkB homolog 5.