Table 1.
Antibiotic susceptibility test of the 24 antibiotics.
| Antibiotics | CR-Eco | CR-Kpn | CR-Pae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIC range (mg/L) | MIC50 (mg/L) | MIC90 (mg/L) | S | R | MIC range (mg/L) | MIC50 (mg/L) | MIC90 (mg/L) | S | R | MIC range (mg/L) | MIC50 (mg/L) | MIC90 (mg/L) | S | R | |
| N, (%) | N, (%) | N, (%) | N, (%) | N, (%) | N, (%) | ||||||||||
| Cefazolin | 128 | 128 | 128 | 0 (0.0) | 56 (100.0) | 1–128 | 128 | 128 | 2 (0.6) | 315 (99.1) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cefuroxime | 32–128 | 128 | 128 | 0 (0.0) | 56 (100.0) | 1–128 | 128 | 128 | 3 (0.9) | 314 (98.7) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ceftriaxone | 16–128 | 64 | 64 | 0 (0.0) | 56 (100.0) | 0.125–128 | 64 | 64 | 2 (0.6) | 316 (99.4) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ceftazidime | 16–128 | 64 | 64 | 0 (0.0) | 56 (100.0) | 1–64 | 64 | 64 | 1 (0.3) | 313 (98.4) | 2–64 | 16 | 64 | 29 (44.6) | 29 (44.6) |
| Cefepime | 0.06–64 | 64 | 64 | 1 (1.8) | 53 (94.6) | 0.03–128 | 64 | 64 | 5 (1.6) | 294 (92.4) | 1–64 | 8 | 64 | 35 (53.8) | 25 (38.5) |
| Cefoxitin | 8–128 | 128 | 128 | 1 (1.8) | 55 (98.2) | 1–128 | 128 | 128 | 4 (1.3) | 309 (97.2) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Moxalactam | 2–128 | 128 | 128 | 1 (1.8) | 53 (94.6) | 0.25–128 | 128 | 128 | 16 (5.0) | 288 (90.6) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Aztreonam | 0.125–128 | 64 | 64 | 10 (17.9) | 41 (73.2) | 0.125–64 | 64 | 64 | 16 (5.0) | 301 (94.6) | 2–64 | 32 | 64 | 24 (36.9) | 35 (53.8) |
| Ertapenem | 4–32 | 64 | 64 | 0 (0.0) | 56 (100.0) | 2–32 | 32 | 32 | 0 (0) | 318 (100.0) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Imipenem | 1–32 | 8 | 32 | 1 (1.8) | 54 (96.4) | 0.5–32 | 32 | 32 | 1 (0.3) | 316 (99.4) | 0.5–32 | 32 | 32 | 6 (9.2) | 57 (87.7) |
| Meropenem | 0.5–32 | 8 | 32 | 1 (1.8) | 53 (94.6) | 0.5–32 | 32 | 32 | 1 (0.3) | 314 (98.7) | 8–32 | 32 | 32 | 0 (0.0) | 65 (100.0) |
| AMC (2:1) | 8/4–128/64 | 128/64 | 128/64 | 1 (1.8) | 54 (96.4) | 16/8–128/64 | 128/64 | 128/64 | 0 (0) | 316 (99.4) | – | – | – | – | – |
| TZP | 2/4–128/4 | 128/4 | 128/4 | 5 (8.9) | 42 (75.0) | 4/4–256/4 | 128/4 | 128/4 | 2 (0.6) | 293 (92.1) | 2/4–128/4 | 64/4 | 128/4 | 31 (47.7) | 31 (47.7) |
| CSL (2:1) | 1/0.5–128/64 | 128/64 | 128/64 | 2 (3.6) | 52 (92.9) | 0.5/0.25–128/64 | 128/64 | 128/64 | 1 (0.3) | 314 (98.7) | 4/2–128/64 | 64/32 | 128/64 | 24 (36.9) | 33 (50.8) |
| CZA | 0.06/4 to >64/4 | >64/4 | >64/4 | 14 (25.0) | 42 (75.0) | 0.5/4 to >64/4 | 4/4 | 128/4 | 278 (87.4) | 40 (12.6) | 1/4 to >64/4 | 4/4 | 16/4 | 53 (81.5) | 12 (18.5) |
| AZA | <0.015/4 to >128/4 | 0.5/4 | 2/4 | NA | NA | <0.015/4 to >128/4 | 0.5/4 | 1/4 | NA | NA | 0.25/4–128/4 | 16/4 | 64/4 | NA | NA |
| Gentamicin | 0.25–128 | 64 | 128 | 18 (32.1) | 36 (64.3) | 0.25–128 | 128 | 128 | 63 (19.8) | 251 (78.9) | 0.5–128 | 4 | 8 | 46 (70.8) | 4 (6.2) |
| Amikacin | 0.5–128 | 4 | 128 | 46 (82.1) | 9 (16.1) | 0.25–128 | 128 | 128 | 107 (33.6) | 209 (65.7) | 1–128 | 2 | 4 | 64 (98.5) | 1 (1.5) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0.03–32 | 32 | 32 | 2 (3.6) | 54 (96.4) | 0.007–32 | 32 | 32 | 9 (2.8) | 308 (96.9) | 0.125–32 | 8 | 32 | 20 (30.8) | 43 (66.2) |
| Levofloxacin | 0.125–32 | 32 | 32 | 2 (3.6) | 52 (92.9) | 0.125–32 | 32 | 32 | 11 (3.5) | 298 (93.7) | 0.5–128 | 8 | 32 | 21 (32.3) | 37 (56.9) |
| Fosfomycin | 0.5–256 | 1 | 128 | 42 (75.0) | 8 (14.3) | 0.5–256 | 32 | 256 | 203 (63.8) | 97 (30.5) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tigecycline | 0.125–1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 56 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.125–8 | 0.25 | 1 | 309 (97.2) | 1 (0.3) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Polymyxin B | 0.25–32 | 0.5 | 1 | 55 (98.2) | 1 (1.8) | 0.25–32 | 0.5 | 1 | 303 (95.3) a | 15 (4.7) | 0.5–2 | 1 | 2 | 65 (100.0) a | 0 (0) |
| SXT | 0.125/2.375–8/512 | 8/512 | 8/512 | 8 (14.3) | 48 (85.7) | 0.125/2.375–8/152 | 8/152 | 8/152 | 98 (30.8) | 220 (69.2) | – | ||||
S, susceptible; R, resistant; CZA, ceftazidime–avibactam; AZA, aztreonam–avibactam; AMC, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid; TZP, piperacillin–tazobactam; CSL, cefoperazone–sulbactam; SXT, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazol; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; CR-Eco, carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli; CR-Kpn, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; CR-Pae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; NA, not available.
a
Intermediary to polymyxin B.