Table 5.

Biological pathways involved in radiation-induced oral mucositis.

Nitrogen metabolism

Toll-like receptor signaling

Nuclear Factor—kappa B (NF-κB) signaling

B Cell receptor signaling

PI3K-AKT signaling

Cell Cycle: G2/M DNA damage checkpoint receptor

P38 MAPK signaling

Wnt/B-catenin signaling

Glutamate receptor signaling

Integrin signaling

VEGF signaling

IL-6 signaling

Death receptor signaling

SAPK/JNK signaling

PI3K—phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase; AKT-v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; NF-κB—nuclear factor—kappa B; p38 MAPK—p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases; VEGF—vascular endothelial growth factor; IL-6—interleukin 6; SAPK—stress-activated protein kinases; JNK—Jun amino-terminal kinases.