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. 2021 Nov 29;18(23):12602. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312602

Table 3.

Hierarchical regression analysis for teen depression (n = 2590).

Model Variable b SE β R 2 Adjusted R 2 F
1 0.091 0.087 5.47 ***
Gender 0.935 0.233 0.168 ***
Age 0.158 0.200 0.034
Race (Black) −0.429 0.302 −0.073
Race (Hispanic) −0.116 0.362 −0.020
Race (Other) −0.201 0.448 −0.015
Race (Multi-racial) 0.989 0.418 0.075 *
Grade Level 0.051 0.185 0.015
Academic Performance −0.065 0.239 −0.010
Special Education Services 1.211 0.369 0.162 ***
Below Poverty (100–199%) −0.984 0.328 −0.153 **
Out of/Above Poverty (200% or above) −0.827 0.300 −0.149 **
2 0.195 0.190 12.30 ***
Gender 0.712 0.244 0.128 **
Age 0.199 0.197 0.043
Race (Black) −0.623 0.324 −0.106
Race (Hispanic) −0.142 0.361 −0.024
Race (Other) −0.302 0.461 −0.022
Race (Multi-racial) 0.774 0.421 0.058
Grade Level 0.043 0.206 0.012
Academic Performance 0.154 0.260 0.024
Special Education Services 1.253 0.404 0.167 **
Below Poverty (100–199%) −1.091 0.351 −0.169 **
Out of/Above Poverty (200% or above) −0.461 0.334 −0.083
Parent Connectedness −0.259 0.077 −0.128 **
School Connectedness −0.292 0.063 −0.222 ***
Neighborhood Connectedness −0.128 0.043 −0.116 **

Note. For gender, 0 = male, 1 = female; for academic performance, 0 = low, 1 = high; for special education services, 0 = no, 1 = yes. Well below poverty (i.e., 99% or below) was the reference group for family poverty level and White was the reference group for race. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.