Table 1.
Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, average variance extracted (AVE), and factor loadings of the SSO model.
| Constructs/Items | Factor Loadings | M (SD) | Cronbach’s Alpha | Composite Reliability | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Techno-overload | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.78 | ||
| TO1 | 0.86 | 2.25 (0.89) | |||
| TO2 | 0.88 | 2.22 (0.89) | |||
| TO3 | 0.91 | 2.22 (0.90) | |||
| TO4 | 0.90 | 2.21 (0.88) | |||
| Techno-invasion | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.79 | ||
| TIV1 | 0.90 | 2.24 (0.92) | |||
| TIV2 | 0.89 | 2.24 (0.90) | |||
| TIV3 | 0.89 | 2.19 (0.92) | |||
| TIV4 | 0.88 | 2.15 (0.94) | |||
| Techno-complexity | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.79 | ||
| TC1 | 0.90 | 2.19 (0.89) | |||
| TC2 | 0.88 | 2.26 (0.92) | |||
| TC3 | 0.88 | 2.08 (0.94) | |||
| Techno-insecurity | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.76 | ||
| TIS1 | 0.90 | 2.15 (0.91) | |||
| TIS2 | 0.85 | 2.27 (0.89) | |||
| TIS3 | 0.87 | 2.15 (0.94) | |||
| Techno-uncertainty | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.80 | ||
| TU1 | 0.90 | 2.13 (0.93) | |||
| TU2 | 0.89 | 2.12 (0.94) | |||
| TU3 | 0.89 | 2.09 (0.92) | |||
| TU4 | 0.91 | 2.11 (0.93) | |||
| TU5 | 0.87 | 2.15 (0.93) | |||
| Burnout in TEL | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.79 | ||
| BN1 | 0.86 | 2.17 (0.89) | |||
| BN2 | 0.90 | 2.09 (0.91) | |||
| BN3 | 0.91 | 1.98 (0.93) | |||
| BN4 | 0.88 | 2.11 (0.93) | |||
| BN5 | 0.91 | 2.01 (0.93) | |||
| BN6 | 0.88 | 2.03 (0.94) | |||
| Self-regulation in TEL (reversed) | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.75 | ||
| SR1 | 0.86 | 1.77 (0.84) | |||
| SR2 | 0.87 | 1.81 (0.86) | |||
| SR3 | 0.88 | 1.80 (0.86) | |||
| SR4 | 0.84 | 1.72 (0.87) | |||
| SR5 | 0.87 | 1.79 (0.85) | |||
| SR6 | 0.86 | 1.73 (0.87) | |||
| Learning agency in TEL (reversed) | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.82 | ||
| LA1 | 0.91 | 1.66 (0.84) | |||
| LA2 | 0.92 | 1.67 (0.85) | |||
| LA3 | 0.90 | 1.64 (0.86) | |||
| LA4 | 0.89 | 1.65 (0.83) | |||
| Persistence in TEL (reversed) | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.78 | ||
| PER1 | 0.88 | 1.62 (0.86) | |||
| PER2 | 0.88 | 1.64 (0.87) | |||
| PER3 | 0.89 | 1.64 (0.88) | |||
| PER4 | 0.88 | 1.66 (0.86) | |||
| PER5 | 0.89 | 1.64 (0.84) |