Table 2.
The association of social support and loneliness trajectories with symptoms of depression (n = 364) and anxiety (n = 369) in French participants of the COMET cohort.
| Depressive Symptoms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 § | ||
| β [95% CI] | β [95% CI] | β [95% CI] | β [95% CI] | ||
| Social | Poor | 4.12 [2.03, 6.20] *** | 1.86 [−0.06, 3.78] | 2.04 [0.17, 3.91] * | |
| Support | Moderate | 1.55 [−0.38, 3.48] | 0.28 [−1.47, 2.02] | 0.30 [−1.37, 1.96] | |
| Trajectories | Strong | 1.05 [−0.85, 2.95] | 0.89 [−0.86, 2.65] | 0.97 [−0.70, 2.64] | |
| Very strong | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- | ||
| Loneliness Trajectories | Low stable | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- | |
| Low rising | 2.80 [1.54, 4.06] *** | 2.79 [1.52, 4.06] *** | 1.65 [0.36, 2.93] * | ||
| Moderate stable | 6.00 [4.69, 7.31] *** | 5.84 [4.50, 7.18] *** | 4.51 [3.10, 5.92] *** | ||
| High rising | 12.94 [10.72, 15.15] *** | 12.50 [10.25, 14.75] *** | 10.90 [8.61, 13.19] *** | ||
| Model Adjusted R2 | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.31 | 0.38 | |
| Symptoms of Anxiety | |||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 & | ||
| β [95% CI] | β [95% CI] | β [95% CI] | β [95% CI] | ||
| Social | Poor | 3.66 [1.70, 5.62] *** | 1.37 [−0.44, 3.18] | 1.06 [−0.63, 2.76] | |
| Support | Moderate | 2.26 [0.47, 4.05] * | 0.86 [−0.79, 2.50] | 0.62 [−0.89, 2.13] | |
| Trajectories | Strong | 1.79 [−0.03, 3.61] | 1.19 [−0.46, 2.84] | 1.04 [−0.47, 2.55] | |
| Very strong | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- | ||
| Loneliness Trajectories | Low stable | -Ref- | -Ref- | -Ref- | |
| Low rising | 2.05 [0.86, 3.25] ** | 1.93 [0.71, 3.14] ** | 0.80 [−0.37, 1.96] | ||
| Moderate stable | 4.53 [3.29, 5.77] *** | 4.35 [3.07, 5.64] *** | 2.84 [1.59, 4.10] *** | ||
| High rising | 10.10 [8.04, 12.15] *** | 9.87 [7.76, 11.98] *** | 7.96 [5.96, 9.97] *** | ||
| Model Adjusted R2 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.36 | |
Models 1 and 2: unadjusted linear regression between social support (1), loneliness trajectories (2) and depression or anxiety symptoms; Model 3: Unadjusted linear regression between social support and loneliness trajectories and depression or anxiety symptoms; § model adjusted for: Age, gender, education, relationship status, knowing someone with COVID-19, diagnosed mental illness, distress related to COVID-19 pandemic; & model adjusted for: Age, gender, number of people in the household, consider the COVID-19 regulation appropriate, mental illness, financial worries distress related to COVID-19 pandemic; (***) p-value < 0.001; (**) p-value < 0.01; (*) p-value < 0.05; β = linear regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval.