Table 2.

Mean scores of validated questionnaires assessing health-related and perceived quality of life, insomnia, and coping strategies in healthcare personnel during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (n = 558).

		Total		Group N		Group S
		Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD		p-Value
EQ–5D–Index		0.785 ± 0.230		0.764 ± 0.226		0.821 ± 0.232		<0.001
EQ–VAS		75.70 ± 17.51		74.50 ± 17.07		77.68 ± 18.18		0.004
Athens Insomnia Scale
	Mean ± SD	5.76 ± 3.96		5.87 ± 3.92		5.57 ± 4.02		0.252
	≥6 (%)	253 (45.3)		162 (46.7)		91 (43.1)		0.413
Brief–COPE
	Active	6.53 ± 1.37		6.57 ± 1.29		6.47 ± 1.51		0.877
	Planning	6.56 ± 1.32		6.57 ± 1.24		6.55 ± 1.45		0.578
	Positive Reframing	5.51 ± 1.58		5.55 ± 1.55		5.43 ± 1.62		0.396
	Acceptance	6.11 ± 1.32		6.14 ± 1.22		6.05 ± 1.48		0.943
	Humor	3.72 ± 1.46		3.61 ± 1.40		3.91 ± 1.55		0.029
	Religion	3.66 ± 1.87		3.40 ± 1.81		4.09 ± 1.89		<0.001
	Emotional Support	4.49 ± 1.67		4.51 ± 1.64		4.47 ± 1.71		0.697
	Instrumental Support	4.91 ± 1.64		4.98 ± 1.53		4.78 ± 1.80		0.116
	Self Distraction	5.24 ± 1.59		5.22 ± 1.59		5.26 ± 1.60		0.913
	Denial	2.78 ± 1.19		2.63 ± 1.06		3.01 ± 1.34		0.001
	Venting	4.45 ± 1.50		4.53 ± 1.47		4.32 ± 1.55		0.111
	Substance Use	2.25 ± 0.83		2.22 ± 0.76		2.31 ± 0.94		0.426
	Disengagement	2.82 ± 1.15		2.80 ± 1.08		2.86 ± 1.26		0.993
	Self Blame	5.03 ± 1.44		4.89 ± 1.35		5.25 ± 1.56		0.009